Exam (elaborations)
EPA Lead Inspector Exam/111 Questions and Answers
EPA Lead Inspector Exam/111 Questions and Answers
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EPA Lead Inspector Exam/111 Questionsand Answers
Lead-based paint (LBP) - -Any varnish, shallac, or coating that contains
either- 1.0 mg/cm2 - 0.5 % by weight - 5000 ppm - Older instruments could
not read accurately at 0.7, so the lead standard was updated to 1.0
-Dust sample clearance values - -- Floors: 40 μg/ft2 > 10 μg/ft2 (10 μg/ft2 in
NY) - Windows: 250 μg/ft2 > 100 μg/ft2 (50 μg/ft2 in NY) - Window wells
(troughs): 400 μg/ft2 (100 μg/ft2 in NY) - Samples must be at 1 sq ft > 2 sq ft
(can be reduced to 1 sq ft if within 10 μg)
-EPA Soil Regulations - -- 400 ppm for playgrounds/children's areas - 1200
ppm for rest of yard - There must be 9 sq ft of soil to classify with soil testing
- At 5000 ppm, MUST remediate/abate (remove & replace, paving, or
bioremediation)
-Lab sampling technique - -- AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrometry) -
Sample is placed into a furnace and vaporized ... light is shone through to
give a quantitative result
-XRF - -- X-ray fluorescence - Utilizes radioactive isotopes (unstable material
trying to reach stability) - Cobalt-57 (half-life of 9 months) and cadmium-109
(half-life of 15 months) are the two sources (where radiation originates) -
Emits gamma rays but will read X-rays (backscatters) - Ionizing radiation
from the removal of electrons due to interactions with radiation
-LBP Hazard - -ANY condition that causes exposure to lead
-LBP inspection - -a surface-by-surface investigation to determine the
presence of lead
-CPSC - -- Consumer Product Safety Commission - Set a lead paint standard:
cannot contain 0.06% lead by weight ... updated to 0.009% - The commission
banned lead-based paint in 1978
-True/False: Dust sampling only done for hazard assessments - -True; only
risk assessors take samples to determine likelihood of coming into contact
with contaminants
-What kind of sampling must be done for inspections? - -Random ... repeats
must be annotated then you move onto the next
, -HUD Guidelines for abatement - -Must last 20 years. Includes the following
procedures: - Removal - Enclosure - Replacement - Encapsulation Painting
over is a temporary fix!
-Water standards for lead - -- 15 ppb under the Clean Water Act (CWA) - 5
ppb under the FDA standard (bottled water) *These are the ONLY instances
where ppb is used
-Why was lead used so much? - -- Durable - Colorful - Anti-corrosive - Anti-
fungal - Drying agent
-What does RRP do? - -- Renovation, Repairing, and Painting program -
Provided enforcement to Title X in 2010 ... $37,500 fines for violation - Dust
sampling technicians can only sample for RRP projects
-What must you do if a pre-1978 site is not tested? - -Presume lead-based
paint.
-Where is LBP still allowed? - -Commercial purposes/boats
-What are the major industrial uses of lead? - -Present - Electrical batteries -
Chemical additives Past - Paint additive - Gasoline additive (now in soil ...
doesn't permeate quickly, so sample TOP portions (12 in)) - Solder/pipes
-What are the common pathways of contamination? - -- For children under
6, hand-to-mouth contact from DUST ... lead tastes sweet (pica is the term
for consumption of non-food items) - For adults, occupational exposure (take-
home lead ... pets can contribute too)
-Chronic vs. acute exposure - -- Chronic: low dose, long period - Acute: high
dose, short period
-How do you treat lead poisoning? - -- Chelation therapy - Binding agents
attach to lead in the blood, allowing it to be excreted - Chelating agents
cannot distinguish lead from minerals, so the therapy causes
demineralization - Done at a blood lead of 45 μg/dL
-Where does lead contamination in water come from? - -Solder, brass
fittings and fixtures, and service lines
-How much lead is present in homes? - -- 87% of homes pre-1940 - 69% of
homes pre-1960 - 24% of homes pre-1978
-Who is responsible for investigating lead poisoning? - -- Departments of
Health (DOH) - They can mandate abatement
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