2020-2021 HESI Pharmacology V2 – Practice Questions
(120)
1.A healthcare provider prescribes cephalexin monohydrate
(Keflex) for a client with a postoperative infection. It is most
important for the nurse to assess for what additional drug
allergy before administering this prescription?
A) Penicillins.
B) Aminoglycosides.
C) Erythromycins.
D) Sulfonamides.
A) Penicillins.
Cross-allergies exist between penicillins (A) and cephalosporins,
such as cephalexin monohydrate (Keflex), so checking for
penicillin allergy is a wise precaution before administering this
drug.
2. Which nursing intervention is most important when caring for
a client receiving the antimetabolite cytosine arabinoside (Arc-C)
for chemotherapy?
A) Hydrate the client with IV fluids before and after infusion.
B) Assess the client for numbness and tingling of extremities.
,C) Inspect the client's oral mucosa for ulcerations.
D) Monitor the client's urine pH for increased acidity.
C) Inspect the client's oral mucosa for ulcerations.
Cytosine arabinoside (Arc-C) affects the rapidly growing cells of
the body, therefore stomatitis and mucosal ulcerations are key
signs of antimetabolite toxicity (C). (A, B, and D) are not typical
interventions associated with the administration of
antimetabolites.
3. When assessing an adolescent who recently overdosed on
acetaminophen (Tylenol), it is most important for the nurse to
assess for pain in which area of the body? A) Flank.
B) Abdomen.
C) Chest.
D) Head.
B) Abdomen.
Acetaminophen toxicity can result in liver damage; therefore, it
is especially important for the nurse to assess for pain in the
right upper quadrant of the abdomen (B), which might indicate
liver damage. (A, C, and D) are not areas where pain would be
anticipated.
,4. An adult client is given a prescription for a scopolamine patch
(Transderm Scop) to prevent motion sickness while on a cruise.
Which information should the nurse provide to the client? A)
Apply the patch at least 4 hours prior to departure.
B) Change the patch every other day while on the cruise.
C) Place the patch on a hairless area at the base of the skull.
D) Drink no more than 2 alcoholic drinks during the cruise.
A) Apply the patch at least 4 hours prior to departure.
Scopolamine, an anticholinergic agent, is used to prevent motion
sickness and has a peak onset in 6 hours, so the client should be
instructed to apply the patch at least 4 hours before departure
(A) on the cruise ship. The duration of the transdermal patch is
72 hours, so (B) is not needed. Scolopamine blocks muscarinic
receptors in the inner ear and to the vomiting center, so the best
application site of the patch is behind the ear, not at the base of
the skull (C). Anticholinergic medications are CNS depressants,
so the client should be instructed to avoid alcohol (D) while
using the patch.
5. The nurse is reviewing the use of the patient-controlled
analgesia (PCA) pump with a client in the immediate
, postoperative period. The client will receive morphine 1 mg IV
per hour basal rate with 1 mg IV every 15 minutes per PCA to
total 5 mg IV maximally per hour. What assessment has the
highest priority before initiating the PCA pump?
A) The expiration date on the morphine syringe in the pump.
B) The rate and depth of the client's respirations.
C) The type of anesthesia used during the surgical procedure.
D) The client's subjective and objective signs of pain.
B) The rate and depth of the client's respirations.
A life-threatening side effect of intravenous administration of
morphine sulfate, an opiate narcotic, is respiratory depression
(B). The PCA pump should be stopped and the healthcare
provider notified if the client's respiratory rate falls below 12
breaths per minute, and the nurse should anticipate
adjustments in the client's dosage before the PCA pump is
restarted. (A, C, and D) provide helpful information, but are not
as high a priority as the assessment described in (B).
6. A medication that is classified as a beta-1 agonist is most
commonly prescribed for a client with which condition?
A) Glaucoma.
B) Hypertension.
C) Heart failure.
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