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Summary The quest for political stability: Germany, complete notes

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A-Level History (7042/1L) The quest for political stability: Germany, - Component 1L Complete notes for all periods of time from . Contains all notes needed for A-level exams.

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  • June 18, 2018
  • 95
  • 2017/2018
  • Summary

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Germany 1871 – 1990
Bismarck 1871 – 1890

Bismarck and the Liberals

Realpolitk = a form of politcal realism where the ends justfy the means

 No 'right' or 'wrong' in politcal or moral terms
 Examples:
o 1866 - Austro-Prussian war to establish Prussian dominance
o 1870 – Franco-Prussian war to push for German unity

Bismarck wished to see Germany as a power-broker, he thought trade was naïve and idealistc

 Bismarck's politcal pragmatsm set him apart

2 primary reasons for Natonal Liberal alliance (1871 – 1878);

1. Perpetuaton of illusion of democracy
2. Politcal support for the Kuulturkampf
a. Additonally they applauded his uniicaton eforts
 Bismarck exploited this alliance to gain Reichstag approval for policies and legislaton which
furthered German uniicaton
o Common currency + Reichbank (1875)
o Common legal system + reform (duraton of 1870's)

Natonal Liberals were well aware that they were being exploited to give Bismarck's policy the
veneer of Democracy.

In 1878, Bismarck brought his Liberal era to an end;

 Found Liberalism distasteful (owing to his upper-class Prussian, Conservatve upbringing)
 Never forgave the Natonal Liberals for opposing the Military Budget 1874 (Septennates)
 Natonal Liberals were losing popularity and Bismarck had only been with them for their
majority (1877)
o No longer largest party in the Reichstag

Alliance deinitvely came to an end in 1879 with the introducton of the Tarif Laws, which split the
Natonal Liberals apart

The Military in Imperial Germany

Prussia's power and prestge was built on 18 th and 19th century military victories

 Officer class (nunkers) dominated the army aeer 1871, answered only to the Kuaiser with high
autonomy
 'State within a state'
 Outside of the Consttuton

Bismarck wanted the military to be based on federal funds paid for by the natonal government,
which would automatcally take 80% of the budget

The Kuulturkampf (1873 – 1878)

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