Summary
Summary AQA A Level Psychology: Schizophrenia Essay Plans
- Institution
- AQA
Essay plans of every possible 16 marker from the AQA A Level Psychology course, in the Schizophrenia section.
[Show more]
Connected book
Book Title:
Author(s):
- Edition:
- ISBN:
- Edition:
2 reviews
By: nandraka2109 • 7 months ago
By: esmoo • 2 year ago
Content preview
Discuss reliability and validity in the diagnosis and classification of schizophrenia.Classification Positive Symptoms Negative Symptoms Issues in Diagnosis
● Schizo is seemingly ● Hallucinations: sensory experiences ● Neg symptoms: loss of normal ● Reliability: extent to which
unrelated symptoms. no basis in reality, distorted functioning usual abilities & diagnosis of schizo is consistent
● Many misconceptions. perception of real things. Voices experiences. ● Validity: extent to which
● DSM: 1 positive symptom, ● Usually auditory, visual, tactile. ● Avolition: loss of motivation for diagnosis + classification
eg delusions. ● Delusions: behave in way bizarre to everyday tasks, eg personal care measures what they designed to
● ICD: 2+ negative others, eg believing in conspiracy ● Unwillingness to carry out goal- measure, eg measure schizo.
symptoms for diagnosis, ● Excess or distortion of normal directed behaviours ● Co-morbidity: 2 illnesses
eg avolition/speech functioning. Paranoia ● Speech poverty: reduction in occurring together, confuses
poverty. ● Negative symptoms: anhedonia, amount/quality, delay in verbal diagnosis + treatment
● Positive: excess of inability to feel pleasure, pleasurable responses during conversation ● Symptom overlap: 2+ conditions
normal functioning activities. Echolalia, catalonia ● DSM emphasises incoherence share symptoms, question validity
Low reliability, Cheniaux Buckley, co-morbidity Rosenhan, pseudopatients Gender Bias
● 2 psychiatrists ● 2 or more conditions occur together ● Sane observers went into ● Longenecker looked at studies of
independently diagnose ● Questions whether they are actually a hospital saying they had prevalence of schizo, found since
100 patients w DSM, ICD single condition hallucinations of word ‘thud, 1980s, men more diagnosed
● Inter-rater reliability low ● Buckley found half of patients w hollow’. Then normal than women.
1 diagnosed 26 w schizo + schizo also had depression, 47% ● 11 pseudos diagnosed w schizo, ● Cotton found ♀ patients function
44 with ICD had substance abuse average hospital stay = 19 days better than men, have better
● 2nd psychiatrist diagnosed ● In terms of classification, if severe ● Staff couldn’t distinguish sanity + interpersonal functioning, bias
13 w DSM, 24 w ICD depression looks like schizo, may be insanity, no validity, unethical practitioners to under diagnose
● Inconsistency between because they are single condition, ● Repeated w schizos, 41/193 were schizo. Men & women w same
professionals limiting. which is confusing. deemed pseudopatients symptoms have diff diagnoses.
Cheniaux, Low validity Real World Application Culture Bias Biological Approach
● Assess criterion validity, ● Psychiatrists cannot reliably tell the ● African americans more likely to ● Using the DSM and ICD in
do diff assessments lead difference between an insane and be diagnosed w schizo in UK, diagnosis is scientific, requires
to same diagnosis sane person, calling into question the rates in West Indies not as high, monitoring positive and negative
● He found schizo more reliability of a schizophrenia so not due to genetic symptoms
likely diagnosed w ICD vs diagnosis. Consequences of co-morb vulnerability. ● Detection of co-morbidity, argued
DSM, ergo poor validity ● ‘Normal’ behaviour was ● Higher rates bc behaviour it is unscientific due to limitation of
● Schizo either misinterpreted as ‘abnormal’ to classed as positive symptoms eg separating illnesses.
overdiagnosed in ICD or support their idea that the delusions are normal in Africa,
underdiagnosed in DSM pseudopatients had a mental illness. eg hearing ancestors voices.
Describe and evaluate two or more biological explanations for schizophrenia.
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller serenalky. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for £5.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
68443 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy revision notes and other study material for 15 years now