Test Bank: Advanced Pharmacology for Prescribers 1st Edition Luu Kayingo Latest Edition, 2024 Table of Contents Chapter 1: An Introduction to Evidence -Based Clinical Practice Guidelines ................................ ........... 3 Chapter 2: Pharmacokinetics /Chapter3: Pharmacodynamics ................................ ................................ . 13 Chapter4: Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics ................................ ................................ ............ 25 Chapter 5: Pharmacology Across the Life Span ................................ ................................ ..................... 30 Chapter 6: Drug -Therapy Prescribing in Special Populations ................................ ................................ . 36 Chapter 7: Drug Development and Approval ................................ ................................ ......................... 45 Chapter 8-Chapter 10: Foundations of Prescription Writing Chapter 9: Responsible Controlled -Substance Prescribing Chapter 10: Antibiotic Stewardship ................................ ................................ ..................... 51 Chapter 11: Applied Calculations for Prescribing ................................ ................................ .................. 58 Chapter 12-: Promoting Adherence With Pharmacotherapy II: System -Specific and Patient -Focused Prescribing Chapter 13: Pharmacotherapy for Ear, Nose, Mouth, and Throat Conditions /Chapter 14: Pharmacotherapy for Eye Conditions ................................ ................................ ................................ ..... 67 Chapter 15: Pharmacoth erapy for Skin Conditions ................................ ................................ ................ 74 Chapter 16: Pharmacotherapy for Neurologic Conditions ................................ ................................ ...... 81 Chapter 17: Pharmacotherapy for Cardiovasc ular Conditions ................................ ................................ 94 Chapter 18: Pharmacotherapy for Respiratory Conditions ................................ ................................ ... 106 Chapter 19: Pharmacotherapy for Gastrointestinal Conditions and Conditions Requiring Nutritional Support ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................ 117 Chapter 20: Pharmacotherapy for Genitourinary Conditions ................................ ................................ 128 Chapter 21: Pharmacotherapy for Renal, Acid –Base, Fluid, and Electrolyte Disorders ........................ 133 Chapter 22: Pharmacotherapy for Musculoskeletal and Rheumatologic Conditions ............................. 146 Chapter 23: Therapeutic Applications of Immunology and Vaccines ................................ .................. 158 Chapter 24: Pharmacotherapy for Endocrine Disorders ................................ ................................ ....... 163 Chapter 25: Pharmacotherapy for Hematologic Disorders ................................ ................................ ... 174 Chapter 26: Hematology/Oncology and Supportive Care for the Nononcologist ................................ .. 190 Chapter 27: Pharmacotherapy Related to Women’s Health Conditions ................................ ............... 196 Chapter 28: Pharmacotherapy Related to Men’s Health Conditions ................................ ..................... 211 Chapter 29: Pharmacotherapy Related to Transgender Care ................................ ................................ 217 Chapter 30: Antimicrobial Pharmacotherapy ................................ ................................ ....................... 224 Chapter 31: Antiretroviral Pharmacotherapy ................................ ................................ ........................ 235 Chapter 32: Psychopharmacology and Integrative Health: Combined Treatment of Psychiatric and Neurocognitive Conditions ................................ ................................ ................................ .................. 247 Chapter 33: Pharmacotherapy for Pain Management ................................ ................................ ........... 257 Chapter 34: Substance Use Disorder III: Health Promotion and Maintenance ................................ ...... 267 Chapter 35: Over -the-Counter Medications ................................ ................................ ......................... 283 Chapter 36: Pharmacotherapy for Obesity ................................ ................................ ........................... 291 Chapter 1: An Introd uction to Evidence -Based Clinical Practice Guidelines MULTIPLE CHOICE • What is the primary purpose of the nursing assessment? A. Identifying underlying pathologic conditions B. Assisting the physician in identifying medical conditions C. Determining the patients mental status D. Exploring patient responses to health problems ANS: D A nursing assessment is done to identify the patients response to health problems. During the nursing assessment phase, a comprehensive information base is developed through a physical examination, nursing history, medication history, and professional observation. Identifying underlying pathologic conditions and assisting the physician in identifying medical conditions is not part of the nursing process. Determining the patients mental status is one part of the nursing assessment, but it is not the primary purpose. DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: dm 36 OBJ: 1 | 3 TOP: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Health Promotion and Maintenance • What is the basis of the NANDA I taxonomy? A. Functional health patterns B. Human response patterns C. Basic human needs D. Pathophysiologic needs ANS: B The NANDA I taxonomy identifies human response patterns. Functional components of health patterns are limited to activity, fluid volume, nutrition, self care, and sensory perception. Basic human needs comprise less than merely health patterns. Pathophysiologic needs are not part of the scope of NANDA I. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: pp. 37-38 OBJ: 5 TOP: Nursing Process Step: Diagnosis MSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Physiological Integrity • Which task is included in the assessment step of the nursing process? A. Establi shing patient goals/outcomes B. Implementing the nursing care plan (NCP) C. Measuring goal/outcome achievement D. Collecting and communicating data ANS: D Data are collected and communicated in the assessment phase of the nursing process. Establishing goals is the function of planning. Implementing the NCP is the function of implementation. Measuring outcome achievement is the function of evaluation. DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: dm 36 OBJ: 2 | 3 TOP: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Health Promotion and Maintenance • Which statement regarding nursing diagnoses is accurate? a. Nursing diagnoses remain the same for as long as the disease is present. b. Nursing diagnoses are written to identify disease states. c. Nursing diagnos es describe patient problems that nurses treat. d. Nursing diagnoses identify causes related to illness. ANS: C Diagnostic statements identify problems a nurse is independently able to treat within the scope of professional practice. Nursing diagnoses vary with the changing condition of the patient. The response patterns are unique to the patient and are not disease specific. Nursing diagnoses describe the patients human response pattern. DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: pp. 37-38 OBJ: 5 TOP: Nursing Process Step: Diagnosis MSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Physiological Integrity • What do the classification systems NIC and NOC provide? a. Individualized data banks of treatments related to disease processes b. Standardized language for reporting and analyzing nursing care delivery c. A measure for cost containment within medical institutions d. Specialized interventions for rare diseases ANS: B Nursing classification systems such as NIC and NOC are designed to provide a standardized language for reporting and analyzing nursing care delivery that is individualized for each patient. Standardized terminology assists practitioners in the implementation of the five phases of the nursing process. Classification systems are not related to disease process and are not used for financial purposes. Classification systems include interventions for all health conditions. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: dm 34 OBJ: 11 TOP: Nursing Process Step: Implementation MSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Safe, Effective Care Environment • Which type of nursing diagnosis will be written when the patient exhibits factors that makes him or her susceptible to the development of a proble m? A. Actual diagnosis B. Risk diagnosis C. Possible diagnosis D. Wellness diagnosis ANS: B When patients have the potential or risk for a problem to develop, a risk diagnosis is written. These diagnoses are two part statements such as Risk for falls related to unsteady gait. An actual diagnosis consists of a NANDA diagnostic label, contributing factor (if known), and defining characteristics such as signs and symptoms. A possible nursing diagnosis identifies a problem that may occur, but the assembled data are insufficient to confirm it. A wellness diagnosis applies to individuals for whom an enhanced level of wellness is possible. DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: dm 38 OBJ: 5 TOP: Nursing Process Step: Diagnosis MSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Physiologica l Integrity • Which outcome statement identified by the nurse is written correctly? a. After surgery, patient will express acceptance of loss of breast. b. Patient will die with dignity. c. At the end of the shift, the nurse will determine whether the patient is more comfortable. d. Within the next 8 hours, urine output will be greater than 30 mL/hr. ANS: D The statement, Within the next 8 hours, urine output will be greater than 30 mL/hr is patient oriented, realistic, and measurable, and has an appropriate time frame. DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: dm 42 OBJ: 11 TOP: Nursing Process Step: Evaluation MSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Safe, Effective Care Environment • Which is an example of an interdependent nursing action? A. Assess lung sounds every 4 hours. B. Educate the patient about the prescribed medication. C. Administer Demerol 50 mg intramuscularly (IM) every 4 hours PRN. D. Encourage the patient to express feelings. ANS: C Administer Demerol 50 mg IM every 4 hours PRN requires the nurse to follow the parame ters of the order, yet use nursing judgment to determine how often the medication is to be administered; therefore, it is an interdependent nursing action. Assessing lung sounds, educating the patient about medication, and encouraging the patient to expre ss feelings are independent nursing actions. DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: dm 45 OBJ: 12 TOP: Nursing Process Step: Implementation MSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Safe, Effective Care Environment • What is the nurses primary source of informatio n when obtaining a patient history? A. The physician B. The patient record C. The family D. The patient ANS: D The focus of the nursing process is the patient. Although family members contribute to the nursing history, this information is secondhand. It is important that the nurse continue to assess patient data for validation of this information. The physician is not to be relied on to provide information about a complete patient history. The patient record reflects only recorded past information and not current input that may be relevant. The family may provide information about a patient history if the patient is unable to provide it, but the information is subject to interpretation by someone other than the patient. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: dm 43 OBJ: 13 TOP: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Safe, Effective Care Environment • An obese patient did not meet the goal of by the end of the second week, is able to follow a 1500 calorie diet. What will the nurse and the patient reassess? A. Patients weight B. Patients understanding of the 1500 calorie diet C. Nurses feelings about obese patients D. Health care agencys ability to provide the prescribed diet ANS: B When goals are not met, the nurse must reassess the patients understanding of the interventions and commitment to reaching the identified goal. All phases of the nursing process are ongoing as the nurse continues to evaluate, assess, and readjust interventions as indicated to facilitate patient achievement of outcomes. The patient may have followed the diet but not lost any weight. The nurses feelings should not be a factor in the assessment. The agencys ability to provide the prescribed diet should have been determined before implementation of the plan. DIF: Cognitive Level: Analysis REF: pp. 42-43 OBJ: 12 TOP: Nursing Process Step: Evaluation MSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Safe, Effective Care Environment • What is the priority nursing diagnosis for an older adult with diabetes who is hospitalized for pneumonia? A. Deficient knowledge related to lack of information about diabetic medication B. Risk for falls related to weakness C. Impaired gas exchange related to decreased pulmonary ventilation D. Imbalanced nutrition: more than body requirements related to obesity ANS: C Airway is the first priority in a needs assessment (ABCs = airway, breathing, circulation). Medication, weakness, and nutrition are less of a priority than the patients respiratory status. DIF: Cognitive Level: Analysis REF: pp. 37-38 OBJ: 9 TOP: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Physiological Integrity • What is a critical care pathway? A. A nursing care plan for a patient in a critical care unit B. A standardized care plan derived from best practice patterns C. A care plan that has been critiqued by a quality improvement officer D. A care plan based on measurable goals and outcomes ANS: B A critical care pathway is a standardized care plan derived from best practice patterns, enabling the nurse to develop a treatment plan that sequences detailed clinical interventions to be performed over a projected amount of time for a specific case type of disease process. A nursing care plan for a patient in a critical care unit is not a critical care pathway. A care plan that has been critiqued by a quality improvement officer is not a critical care pathway. All good care plans are based on measurable goals and outcomes. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: dm 40 OBJ: 7 TOP: Nursing Process Step: Planning MSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Physiological Integrity • When a nursing diagnosis statement is written, who or what directs the nurse to identify appropriate nursing interventions? A. Other nurses on staff who have experience with the diagnoses B. The patient and family who have an interest in the outcome C. The etiologies of the problems identi fied in the nursing diagnoses D. The medical staff who have more expertise than the nurses ANS: C Nursing actions are suggested by the etiologies of the problems identified in the nursing diagnoses and are used to implement plans. Nursing actions are not suggested by other nurses, the patient and family, or by the medical staff. DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: dm 42 OBJ: 12 TOP: Nursing Process Step: Planning MSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Physiological Integrity • A patient is experiencing advers e effects of a medication. Which information obtained by the nurse is subjective? a. Cough b. Edema c. Nausea d. Tachycardia ANS: C Nausea is a symptom for which only the person experiencing it can provide the information. Cough is heard by the nurse. Edema is measured and seen by the nurse. Tachycardia is assessed by the nurse. DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: dm 43 OBJ: 13 TOP: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Physiological Integrity • The nurse has determined that the pain medication given to a patient an hour ago has been effective. The nurse is using which step of the nursing process? A. Evaluation B. Intervention C. Nursing diagnosis D. Planning ANS: A The nurse has used evaluation to assess the response to the administered medication. Intervention is the administration of the medication or teaching about the medication in this situation. This situation is not an example of making a nursing diagnosis. Planning is developing goal statements and prioritizing patient problems. DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: pp. 42-43 OBJ: 15 TOP: Nursing Process Step: Evaluation MSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Physiological Integrity • Prior to the administration of a nephrotoxic drug, the nurse determines that the kidney lab data are within normal range. Which step of the nursing process is being used?
