Hi, my name is Soph
Here are my IGCSE revision notes for the Nazi Germany module of EDEXCEL/ PEARSON’S IGCSE. I got an A* overall using these notes which cover every area of the syllabus (within the Nazi Germany module). Hopefully you will find them helpful and I put a lot of effort into writting...
- Late 1918, unrest across Germany
- Emperor fled
- New government took control
- ^^^ German revolution
What caused the German Revolution?
- Failure in WW1
- Low morale amongst people (especially troops)
- Hardship caused by war (food shortages, can't import basic supplies)
- Deadly influenza across Europe in August 1918
- Russian revolution (many Germans wanted similar events for Germany)
- Wanted to replace undemocratic rule of emperor and Kaiser
Events of the revolution
- 29th October, naval mutiny at Wilhelmshaven and later Kiel
- 4th November 40,000 sailors there joined dockers, set up workers' and soldiers' council and
took over the dockyard
- Similar revolts across Germany (Hamburg, Bremen and lübeck)
- Government was breaking down (and only getting worse)
- 7th November, in Bavaria, thousands of workers (led by Kurt Eisner) marched into Munich.
- King Ludwig ll fled the country
- Next day, Eisner set up a workers' and peasants' council and declared Bavaria a people's state
- Across Germany more kings, dukes and princes feared similar revolts and fled Germany
- In Berlin the Kaiser's ministers deserted him
- 9th November, Kaiser Wilhelm abdicates and fled to holland
- The SPD (Social Democrat Party) formed the new government
- Friedrich Ebert (an SPD leader) became chancellor
Effects of the German revolution
- New government agreed an armistice
- 11th November, Germany had to give back land won at war, pull back troops 48Km inside its
border with France, surrender it munitions and out the navy under Allied control
- Terms of armistice weren't popular and economic suffering continued
- Gradually Ebert's government gained control
- German state became known as the Weimar Republic as this is where new governing rules were
made
The Weimar Republic and the Treaty of Versailles
- After the Kaiser abdicated, armed groups with extreme political views clashed with he army and
gained control of some towns
- Ebert took control by introducing slow, careful changes
- 6 moderate social democrats firmed a council of people's representatives (a temporary
government)
- February 1919 a new constitution was started and finished by August
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