Here are some handmade, detailed question flashcards I made and this is one of the hardest topics as there are a lot of processes to remember. I made these based on information from the AQA-level biology textbook, miss Estruch's videos and also used the AQA specification, making sure I didn't miss ...
1.what is glycolysis?
● The first stage of anaerobic + aerobic respiration
● Occurs in cytoplasm + is an anaerobic process
2.describe the process of glycolysis
● Glucose (6C) is phosphorylated to glucose phosphate (6C), using ATP
● Glucose phosphate splits into 2 triose phosphate (3C)
● TP (3C) is oxidised to form pyruvate (3C) + NAD is reduced to NADH + there is a net
gain of 2 ATP
3. What are the products of glycolysis?
● 2x pyruvate
● Net gain of 2 ATP- we made 4, however 2 ATP had to be used initially at stage 1
● 2x NADH
4.Describe the process of the link reaction:
● Pyruvate (3C) is oxidised to acetate (2C)
● NAD is reduced to NADH + CO2 is released
● Acetate combines with coenzyme A to produce acetyl coenzyme A
5. In the link reaction, what are the products for every glucose molecule?
● 2x acetyl CoA
● 2 CO2 released
● 2 reduced NAD
6. What happens in the Krebs cycle?
● acetyl coenzyme A (2C) reacts with a 4C molecule, releasing coA + producing a 6C
molecule that enters the Krebs cycle
● In a series of oxidation- reduction reactions, the Krebs cycle generates reduced
coenzymes + ATP by substrate- level phosphorylation + CO2 is lost —> FAD reduced to
FADH, NAD reduced to NADH
● Produces energy in the form of ATP + produces coenzymes
7. What are the products per cycle of the Krebs cycle
● 3x reduced NAD
● 1x reduced FAD
● 1x ATP
● 2x CO2
, 8. What are the products of the Krebs cycle per glucose molecule
● 6x reduced NAD
● 2x reduced FAD
● 2x ATP
● 4x CO2
9.where does link reaction take place?
● Mitochondria
10.where does krebs cycle take place?
● Mitochondrial matrix
11.how can proteins be used in aerobic resp?
● Forms pyruvate + acetyl coA in aerobic resp to produce ATP
Oxidative phosphorylation (chemiosimotic theory)
● Reduced FAD and reduced NAD transfer electrons to ETC
● Electrons are passed along the ETC
● Energy is lost
● Energy lost is used to actively transport H+ from mitochondrial matrix into the inter
membrane space
● This creates electrochemical gradient in the inter membrane space
● H+ diffuse through ATP synthase, producing ATP as ADP + Pi is combined
● H+ combine with O2 forming water (reverse photolysis)
● O2 is the final e- acceptor
where does oxidative phosphorylation take place?
● Intermembrane space
Why is oxidative phosphorylation important?
● O2 is the final electron acceptor
● Important for ATP production, which is needed for metabolism in cells
Anaerobic respiration
1.where does anaerobic respiration occur?
● Cytoplasm of cell only
2.what is the fermentation equation for bacteria + yeast?
● Pyruvate —--> ethanol + CO2
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller Maryam132. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for £3.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
