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Unit 12C Assignment - Treatment of infectious diseases
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Unit 12C of BTEC Level 3 Applied Science Treatment of infectious diseases. This assignment was given a distinction.
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Unit 12 – Topic 3Antiviral drugs are drugs used to treat viral infections. For example, anti-HIV drugs need to be taken
long-term and for life. Antiviral drugs can be administered as eye drops, intravenous drip, etc. Antiviral
drugs block receptors, preventing viruses from attaching to and entering healthy cells. They can
strengthen the body's defenses and reduce the number of viruses. Antiviral resistance is the resistance
of a virus in the body to an antiviral drug/failure to stop the action of the drug and eliminate the virus.
This can occur if you skip or stop taking antiviral medications and they become ineffective. Antiviral
medications for influenza can be given intravenously, orally, or in tablet form. Antiviral medications can
relieve flu symptoms and reduce the risk of ear infections. Flu drugs block receptors, preventing the
virus from attaching to and entering healthy cells. It strengthens the immune system, helps the body
fight viral infections, and reduces the amount of virus in the body. Antiviral drugs shorten the duration
of illness and relieve symptoms. These drugs stop the process of cell replication, relieve symptoms and
speed up the recovery process. They also trick the virus into believing that the target cells are not
human cells. Viruses cannot replicate, so they die without human cells. It also slows the spread of
infection and prevents viral children from entering the bloodstream.
Antiretroviral drugs are one of the HIV treatment options. By preventing the virus from multiplying in
the body, it helps the immune system heal and prevent further damage. increase. Multiple HIV drug
combinations can be combined into one tablet in a process called fixed-dose combination. Many people
take HIV medicines every day. The main goal of treatment is to make HIV undetectable. Virus load too
low to detect virus. The tests used to measure it show that the virus cannot be spread to other people
and HIV cannot weaken the immune system.
Antibiotics can be given intravenously, but are most commonly given orally. Topical antibiotic creams or
eye drops can be used for eye and skin infections. There are two types of antibiotics, bacteriostatic and
bactericidal, with bacteriostatic antibiotics causing cell death and Sexual antibiotics stop cells from
growing. Bacteriostatic antibiotics prevent bacterial growth by inhibiting protein production, DNA
replication, or participation in other metabolic processes. Tetracyclines, sulfonamides, spectinomycin,
trimethoprim, chloramphenicol, macrolides, and glycosamides are drugs in this group. However, beta-
lactam antibiotics (penicillin derivatives (pseudonym), cephalosporins (cephems), monobactams,
carbapenems) and vancomycin are bactericidal agents that interfere with cell wall synthesis. In addition
to daptomycin, other antibacterial agents include fluoroquinolones, metronidazole, nitrofurantoin, co-
trimoxazole, and telithromycin.
Multifunctional antibiotic - doxycycline. The main antibiotic used to treat cholera is doxycycline. Inhibits
bacterial protein synthesis by interfering with transfer and messenger RNA at the ribosomal level. It has
a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity and is effective against Gram-positive and Gram-negative
bacteria. By binding to ribosomal subunits, doxycycline prevents amino acid accumulation and bacterial
growth.It does not kill bacteria. It is bacteriostatic. However, bacterial copies are no longer made
, because protein synthesis is inhibited. Acne-like skin conditions caused by the bacterium Cutibacterium
acnes can be treated with doxycycline. Streptococcus pneumoniae, Chlamydia pneumoniae, and
Mycoplasma pneumoniae are just a few of the bacteria that can cause pneumonia.
Penicillin antibiotics can damage the peptidoglycan cell wall. There are two types of bacteria: Gram-
positive and Gram-negative. The cell walls of Gram-negative bacteria are surrounded by layers of
lipopolysaccharides and proteins. Peptidoglycan is the cell wall of all Gram-positive bacteria. No outer
layer. Cell wall peptidoglycan creates pores during bacterial cell division that fill with additional
peptidoglycan. Peptidoglycan cell wall cross-linking protein is inhibited by penicillin. As the bacteria
multiply, the pores in the cell walls do not close, allowing water to enter the cells. This can cause
bacterial cells to burst. Bacteria and viruses can cause otitis media, which can be treated with penicillin.
85% of acute otitis media are caused by bacteria, mainly Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus).
The last 15% consist of viruses. Streptococcus pyogenes, also known as Group A Streptococcus or Group
A Streptococcus, causes and treats scarlet fever. It can be used to treat gonorrhea caused by Neisseria
gonorrhoeae. A class of antibiotics called quinolones stops the activity of topoisomerase enzymes. These
bactericidal antibiotics work by interfering with DNA replication or DNA self-repair. For DNA replication
to continue, a group of enzymes called topoisomerases must be activated. Most bactericidal antibiotics
rapidly increase bacterial metabolism by killing cells. Quinolone antibiotics prevent bacterial growth, are
broad-spectrum antibiotics, and are effective against a wide range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative
bacteria. It is also often E. typhus caused by E. Pneumonia caused by Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi,
Streptococcus pneumoniae, Chlamydia pneumoniae or Mycoplasma pneumoniae.
Antibiotic resistance occurs when certain strains of bacteria develop antibiotic resistance genes that
prevent antibiotics from killing or suppressing the bacteria. Antibiotics are used repeatedly when not
needed, increasing antibiotic resistance. Hospitalizations are increasing as bacteria become more
resistant to antibiotics. Antibiotic Specificity – Broad-spectrum antibiotics are generally effective against
a wide range of bacteria, including Gram-positive and Gram-negative cells. "Narrow-spectrum"
antibiotics, on the other hand, target specific types of bacteria, for example. B. Gram-negative or Gram-
positive bacteria.
Antifungal -
Mold, yeast, or a combination of both is how mold grows. They spread in the form of tiny spores. These
spores are either on the ground or in the air. Also, your body may naturally have fungi such as the yeast
Candida that live in your skin, digestive tract, and vagina.Illnesses and conditions involving mold are
called yeast infections. However, it can also spread to the lungs and other organs. Skin, hair, nails, or
mucous membranes are usually affected. A weakened immune system increases the risk of fungal
infections. Fungal infections are usually treated with antifungal drugs. A stomach yeast infection can
cause the skin to become red, swollen, and bumpy. It may look like a rash or a lump under the skin.
Fungal infections can cause your nails to become thick, cracked, or discolored (yellow, brown, or white).
White coats and patches can be caused by fungal infections of the mouth and throat. Examples of fungal
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