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AICP Exam Prep - Key Figures Questions and Answers 2024
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AICP Exam Prep - Key Figures
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AICP Exam Prep - Key FiguresErnest Burgess - answer Developed Concentric Circle Theory with Robert E. Park in
1925. Wrote the 'The City' together.
Patrick Geddes - answer Author of Cities in Evolution, Scottish botanist and biologist,
considered father of regional planning. Innovating planning theorist, introduced concept
of 'region.' Believed social processes and spatial form are related. Designed and
Jerusalem expansion and Tel Aviv around Garden City movement.
Alfred Bettman - answer Cincinnati lawyer. Drafted a bill 1915 that enabled the
creation of local planning commissions in Ohio. Wrote and influential brief on Euclid v.
Amber Realty. 1st president of American Society of Planning Officials (ASPO) in 1934.
Helped write Cincinnati Comp Plan. Was on Hoover's Advisory Committee on City
Planning and Zoning.
George Pullman - answer Railroad tycoon & inventor of Pullman railroad car,
Developer of Pullman, IL a town that tried to combine industries need for efficiency with
workers need for decent housing. Tried to make Pullman a model industry town.
Violently suppressed striking workers and tried to control social life with poor results.
Catherine Bauer Wurster - answer Wrote 'Modern Housing' in 1934. Labelled herself
a 'houser.' Advocated for raising the quality of urban life by improving shelter for low-
income people. Played a role in US Housing Act of 1937. Profoundly influenced by
Lewis Mumford. Served as director of Research and Information of US Housing
Authority.
Clarence Stein - answer Co-designer of Radburn, NJ, and Sunnyside Gardens a US
garden city. Member of Regional Plan Association of American. Radburn used
Neighborhood Unit Concept, was a friend of Perry. Wrote 'Toward New Towns for
America' in 1951.
Paul Davidoff - answer Wrote ' A Choice Theory of Planning' with Thomas
ReinerFounded Suburban Action Institute, which challenged exclusionary zoning in
courts, winning a notable success in Mt. Laurel case led to requirements that
communities provide their fair share of low-income housing in N.J. Developed concept
of advocacy planner.
, Ebenezer Howard - answer A British reformer. Published 'Tomorrow: A Peaceful
Path to Real Reform' in 1989, which started the garden city movement. Garden cities
were self-contained with industry and residential surrounded by greenbelts. Spawned
garden city movement in other countries.
Ian McHarg - answer Wrote 'Design with Nature' in 1969, pioneered concept of
ecological planning. Father of modern Ecology/Environment movement. His firm created
a plan in 1962 for 4 Maryland river valleys that first proposed TDR. Advocated layered
mapping tech. - foundation of GIS. Designed The Woodland, TX. Favored cluster
development.
Frederick Law Olmsted Sr. - answer Designed Central Park in NYC. One of the first
to espouse value of 'City Beautiful' movement. Father of American landscape
architecture. Designer of arguably one of the first planned communities in the
US.Riverside, IL (1869). Felt the planning should be judged by level of reduced disease.
Site planned for 1892 Columbian Expo.
Jacob August Riis - answer Author of 'How the Other Half Live' and 'Children of the
Poor.' Worked with Veiller on NY Tenement Law. Used photographs and writing to
document conditions in slums and urban poor. His housing reform and changes in NY
that became national model. A leading housing reformer in history of planning. Helped
with implementation of tenement in NY.
Daniel Hudson Burnham - answer Father of city planning in US. Wrote the influential
1909 ' Plan for Chicago' which gave birth to modern city planning. His firm planned the
1893 World's Columbian Expo at which he presented the White City which inspired the
city beautiful movement.
Jane Jacobs - answer Wrote 'The Death and Life of the Great American Cities' which
criticized the practice of bulldozing for urban renewal and instead called for more
density, diversity, etc. Opposed Robert Moses and worked to promote neighborhoods
and kill 'expressway' projects. Look at how cities do work, not how they aught to work.
Some 'slums' are lively and energetic.
Lewis Mumford - answer Wrote 'Culture of Cities' American historian of technology
and science. Critic of Interstates. Inspired city and regional planning efforts in US. Critic
of 1929 Regional Plan of NY. Influenced in founding Regional Planning Association of
America. Viewed architectural congestion as a dehumanizing influence.
Robert Moses - answer Master Builder of NY from 30s to 60s Plans favored
highways over public transit and inspired a generation of engineers, planners, architects
nationwide. Oversaw construction of over 400 miles of parkways and bridges and
beaches. Uprooted many traditional neighborhoods for expressways. Precipitated
decline of public transport through neglect. Created 21st century City w/ infrastructure
most people wanted. Viewed as the great expeditor.
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