Exam (elaborations)
OPOTA Exam 2024
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- OPOTA Exam 2024
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- OPOTA Exam 2024
Exam of 56 pages for the course OPOTA Exam 2024 at OPOTA Exam 2024 (OPOTA Exam 2024)
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OPOTA Exam 2024Explain the relationship between a SPO and a test question - -A test question
must respond directly to an SPO and every SPO may be the basis of a test
question
-Explain the ultimate reason for law enforcement training - -To be able to
protect the life and property of yourself and the public
-List a peace officer's main goals - -- Enforce the laws
- Preserve the peace,
- Prevent crime
- Protect civil rights and liberties
- Provide services
-Explain items to consider when exercising discretion - -- Use sound
judgment to determine which laws are to be formally enforced
- Determine if there is a more constructive remedy without arrest or citation
-Explain the factors necessary for the commission of crime - -Desire - the
motivation behind criminal behavior
Victim - potential target, unaware of surroundings
Opportunity - crime prevention strategies
-State the core concepts of community policing - --partnership between
community and police
-crime prevention
-organizational change of agency
-problem solving approach to police role is proactive
-Considerations for off duty situations - -Behavior - social media, uphold
ethics
Situational Awareness- be alert, pre plan, off duty weapon policy, be a good
witness
-State the purpose of Bill of Rights - -protect a individual's freedoms
-prevent government from interfering in protected rights
-Describe the major components of the criminal justice system - -Law
Enforcement
Courts - hold fair & impartial trials, guilt or innocence, Impose sentences
Corrections - supervise offender
-Goals of Sentencing - --protect society
-punish offender/rehabilitate
,-restore the victim
-Recognize the tenets of the Below 100 - --wear your seatbelt
-wear your vest
-WIN what's important now
-watch your speed
-complacency kills
-Lawful - -defined by laws and standards
-Criminal Law - -identifies what actions are prohibited
-Rules of Agency - -Administrative rules, general orders
-Constitutional Law - -amendments
-Police Legitimacy - -exists when the public view the police as authorized to
exercise power in order to maintain social order, manage conflicts, and solve
problems in community
-Judgement 1/3
public trust and confidence in police as being honest, trying to do jobs well,
and protecting community - -Result
individuals are more likely to become actively involved in police community
partnerships
-Judgment #2
public willingness to defer the law and police authority - -Result
Correlation between those who obey and those who view police as
legitimate, cooperate by reporting crimes and providing information
-Judgement #3
public belief that police actions are morally justified and appropriate - -
Result
citizens are more likely to cooperate and defer in moments of crisis
-circumstances when filming police officers is permissible - --one party
consents
-as long as it does not interfere with officers carrying out their duties
-Race - -modern concept used to classify people by similar, observable
physical characteristics
-Genetically influenced traits - -Skin color, hair, eye shape, blood type,
intelligence
, -connection between in / out groups, and police legitimacy - -some people
interpret their encounters with police in terms of their group's societal
position rather than immediate circumstances of the police contact
-Types of Racism - -individual, interpersonal, institutional, structural
-Individual Racism - -internalized, unexpressed biases and prejudices based
on race
-Interpersonal Racism - -occurs between individuals, public expressions of
racial prejudice and hate
-institutional racism - -discriminatory policies and treatment by institutions
-Structural Racism - -Collective way of history, culture, power inequality,
unequal access to opportunities
-Components of bias - -stereotypes, prejudice, attitude
-Stereotypes - -generalizations about the perceived typical characteristics
of a social category
-Prejudice - -a often negative prejudgment based on characteristics such as
race, age
-Attitude - -positive or negative feelings associated with individuals or
groups
-Bias-based profiling - --Racial/illegal profiling
-unequal treatment by officers by stopping, questioning, searching, detaining
on basis of their ethnicity
-Criminal profiling - -Based on observed behaviors and characteristics
-Two types of Bias - -explicit and implicit
-Explicit Bias - -conscious preference for a social category
-Implicit bias - -preference for a social category based on stereotypes that
we hold and tend to develop in early life
-Two modes of thinking - -automatic (system 1)
deliberative (system 2)
-System 1 thinking - -automatic, effortless, unconscious, very fast
, -System 2 thinking - -Conscious, controlled, effortful, slower
-practical purpose - -simplifies tasks which most adults do without having to
systematically think about each step
-protection mechanism - -we evaluate everything we see to determine if
threatening or not
-strategies to counter implicit biases - --Guarding against influence in
decision making
-awareness
-know when you're susceptible ( in complete info, cognitive load, fatigue)
-slow down thinking
-empathetic
-effort (intention, attention, time)
-Two-pronged Approach to Procedural Justice - -person based approach
community based model
-person based approach - -emphasizes the importance of face to face
interactions between officer and a citizen
-Community based model - -ultimate goal is to achieve police legitimacy
through entire society
-community bank account concept as it relates to procedural justice - -
every encounter is either a deposit or withdrawal (increase or decrease
public perception of police)
-four core principles of procedural justice - -giving others a voice, neutrality
in decision making, respectful treatment, trustworthiness
-explain the generally accepted ethical responsibilities of officers - --owed
to your community, citizens, profession, agency, family, yourself
-treat everyone professionally
-never allow cynicism, excessive force, perjury and accept gratuities
-External Influences on behavior - -relationships with family and friends,
citizens, media, regulations, politics, subculture
-Internal influences on behavior - -officer's own ethical and moral beliefs,
anger, greed, lust
-Denial of victim - -argue that violated party deserves to be victimized
-Denial of responsibility - -acted improperly because no other options
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