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Neoplasia Notes Latest and Updated A+
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lOMoAR cPSD| 30878495Neoplasia Notes A+
1. Compare and contrast benign and malignant tumours. Hint: you
can construct a table to help your answer this question.
Benign tumours: homogenous, less necrosis
Malignant tumour: heterogenous, more necros
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2. Tumour terminology – can you identify the cell of origin and type of
tumour by its name? You will be provided with some examples to
identify in class.
Benign : Origin + ‘ama’
Chondro + oma = Chondrama
Ademo + oma = Adenoma
Malignant: Origin + Sarco carcin +’ama’
Chondr + sarco +oma = Chandrosarcoma
Adeno + carcin + oma= Adenocarcinoma
Type Benign Malignant
Epithelial
Squamous cell
Squamous cell Squamous cell papilloma
carcinoma
Transitional cell Transitional cell
Transitional
papilloma carcinoma
Basal cell Basal cell papilloma Basal cell carcinoma
Glandular Adenoma Adenocarcinoma
Mesenchymal
Smooth muscle Leiomyoma Leiomyosarcoma
Striated muscle Rhabdomyoma Rhabdomyosarcoma
Adipose tissue Lipoma Liposarcoma
Blood vessels Angioma Angiosarcoma
Bone Osteoma Osteosarcoma
Cartilage Chondroma Chondrosarcoma
Mesothelium Benign mesothelioma Malignant mesothelioma
Other
Lymphatic tissue Benign lymphoma Lymphoma
Blood-forming cells Leukaemia
Melanocytes Mole/Nevus Melanoma
Germ cells Teratoma Teratocarcinoma
Meninges Meningioma Malignant meningioma
Glial cells Benign glioma Glioma
3. Describe how dysplasia is different to metaplasia and anaplasia. To
help you answer this question:
➢ Dysplasia: Dysplastic cells are abnormal in shape and arrangement
and are not clearly differentiated. They still retain some of the
functions of the original cell. Dysplastic changes to cells are often a
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precursor to cancer, but can be reversed if the injurious stimulus is
removed.
➢ Metaplasia: Metaplasia is an adaptation where one mature cell type
is replaced by another cell type.
➢ Anaplasia: Anaplastic cells are cancerous cells that have lost all
differentiation (specialisation). Under a microscope it would be
difficult to identify the originating cell type. Anaplasia is
characteristic of some cancers.
Secondly, describe how they are different.
4. Explain how the cellular adaptations metaplasia and hyperplasia
can promote the development of cancer.
➢ Pathological metaplasia is a common response to chronic stimulation
from chemical or physical factors. Metaplastic cells are often considered
to be precancerous, as they can progress to form malignant cells.
Pathologic Hyperplasia occurs when there is an excessive or abnormal
hormonal response. This response causes an increase in growth factors.
This leads to increased cellular proliferation. IF this does not stop, there
is an increased risk of cancer.
5. In the workshop you will be allocated one of the following scenarios.
Your task is to create a visual map which addresses the questions for
your assigned scenario. Somewhere in your visual map you should
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