Exam (elaborations)
Pesticide Applicator Training: General Standards Workbook SP39-W
Pesticide Applicator Training: General Standards Workbook SP39-W
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Pesticide Applicator Training: GeneralStandards Workbook SP39-W
A "pesticide" is defined as... - -any chemical used to destroy, prevent, or
control any form of life declared to be a pest.
TIP: Without humans, there would be no "pests," as humans are the ones
who defined organisms as "out of place," or "a nuisance."
-Herbicides - -This type of pesticide controls weeds
-Insecticides - -This type of pesticide controls insect pests
-Fungicides - -This type of pesticide controls fungi
-Miticides (acaricides) - -This type of pesticide controls mites, ticks (also
known as "acaricides")
-Repellants - -This type of pesticide repels insects, vertebrates
-c) herbicides, insecticides, fungicides - -The three most commonly applied
pesticide groups are:
a) herbicides, miticides, fungicides
b) herbicides, insecticides, repellants
c) herbicides, insecticides, fungicides
*This one is not in the workbook, I made it up
-Active, Inert - -What two types of ingredients make up a pesticide
formulation?
-Active ingredients - -Toxic to the pest, effective against target pests (ex:
glyphosate, carbaryl, propiconazole)
-Inert ingredients - -Do not have direct effect on pest, added to make the
product safer (safener), more effective, or easier to use (ex: solvent or dry
carrier)
-Solutions - -Mixtures formed by dissolving a substance in a liquid. Solutions
will not "settle out," and do not require agitation to keep the components in
solution.
-Suspensions - -Mixtures formed by dispersing fine solid particles in a liquid.
The solid particles do not dissolve in the liquid carrier. Suspensions must be
agitated to maintain uniform particle distribution.
, -Emulsions - -Mixtures in which one liquid is suspended as tiny droplets in
another liquid. (ex: Emulsifiable Concentrates (EC) have active ingredients
that are dissolved in an oil solvent and an emulsifying agent is added so that
the formulation can be conveniently mixed with water to form an emulsion.
-. - -*Please see table on pg 2 of workbook until I can figure out how to turn
it into questions
-Fumigants - -Pesticides that form gasses or vapors, most are highly toxic
and require additional licensing.
-Percent, by weight - -Concentration of active ingredients in DRY products is
described as __________ of active ingredient ___________
-Pounds, per gallon - -Concentration of active ingredients in WET products is
described as __________ of active ingredient ___________
-Product Information - -What is the section of the pesticide label that always
includes the concentration of an active ingredient in a particular formulation?
-Adjuvant - -A chemical that modifies a pesticide's physical properties
and/or enhances its performance?
-Utility agents & spray modifiers - -What are the two classes of adjuvants?
-Utility agents - -Adjuvant that aids mixing in the spray tank
-Compatibility agents, pH buffering agents, and anti-foaming agents - -
Examples of utility agents? (3)
-Spray Modifiers - -Adjuvant that aids spray application & coverage.
-Drift reduction - -Spray modifiers that increase droplet size and reduce drift
-Surfactants - -Spray modifiers that help individual spray droplets to spread
out on treated surface
-Stickers - -Spray modifiers that improve pesticide adherance to the treated
surface
-Penetrants - -Spray modifiers that improve pesticide penetration into the
treated surface
-Drift reduction additives, surfactants, stickers, penetrants - -Examples of
spray modifiers (4)
, -1) Pesticide compatibility
2) Read product labels
3) Consult technical staff (specialists or manufacturers)
4) Perform a compatibility test (if physical compatibility is a concern)
5) Add & thoroughly mix the products one at a time, in the proper order - -
Steps and considerations you should take to ensure a successful tank-mix
-Yes - -Are certain mixtures prohibited?
-YOU/the applicator - -Who is responsible for a failed tank-mix when the
labels provide no guidance?
-1) Fill tank 1/4 to 1/2 full with carrier
2) Begin agitation
3) Add utility agent (if needed)
4) Add Suspension-forming products
5) Add Emulsifiable Concentrates
6) Add Solution-forming products
7) Add spray modifiers (if needed)
*Step 7 varies, please see product label
8) Finish filling the tank with carrier - -8 Steps to take when label directions
do not specify product mix order?
-Selectivity, mobility, residual activity - -Qualities of a pesticide necessary
to achieve useful pest control (3)
-Selective Pesticides - -Control some related pests, but not others (ex: in
herbicides, this type of pesticide could control grasses OR broadleaves, but
not both)
-Non-Selective Pesticides - -Control all related pests (ex: in herbicides, this
type of pesticide controls all plants it touches, not specifically grasses or
broadleaves)
-Pest Resurgence - -A situation in which pest population, after having being
suppressed, rebounds to numbers higher than before suppression occurred
-Contact Herbicides - -Herbicides that do not move within the plant.
Effective only where applied.
-Systemic Herbicides - -Herbicides that move within the plant, effective
against pests or plant parts that your application methods can't reach.
-Systemic - -What type of herbicide is more effective on larger, bushier
weeds than on small weeds that have just sprouted?
*This one is not in the workbook, I made it up
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