Exam (elaborations)
PECT Module 2 Pre-K-4 Exam/200 Questions and Answers
PECT Module 2 Pre-K-4 Exam/200 Questions and Answers
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PECT Module 2 Pre-K-4 Exam/200 Questionsand Answers
pragmatics - -Sound: speech that has interaction,conversation
-semantics - -Meaning: literal meaning of words
-syntax - -Structure: words or phrases that form sentences
-Morphology - -words; study of words affixes, prefixes, suffixes
-Phonological Awareness - -*is a broad skill that includes identifying and
manipulating units of oral language - parts such as words, syllables, and
onsets and rimes
*refers to the specific ability to focus on and manipulate individual sounds
(phonemes) in spoken words
-How do you know if a Phonological Awareness? - -Children who are able to
identify and make oral rhymes, can clap out the number of syllables in a
word, and can recognize words with the same initial sounds like 'money' and
'mother.'
-Phonetics/Phonics - -Eyes and ears-letters that becomes spelling of words
and the sounds of spoken language
-Scientific-Based Reading Research/
5 Essential components of Literacy - -1. Phonemic Awareness
2. Phonics
3. Fluency
4. Vocabulary
5. Comprehesion
-# 1. Phonemic awareness - -Awareness of Sound (ears Only)-is the ability
to isolate and identify the first sound (phoneme) of a word
-the understanding that spoken words are made up of separate units of
sound that are blended together when words are pronounced
-the ability to hear a sound and know what letter it represents w/o a visual
-hearing and saying that the word cat has 3 sounds(phonemes) /k/ /a/ /t/
-Phonemes - -*are the sounds that make up spoken words
*don't think of phonemes as the sounds that letters make but as the sounds
of speech that can be represented by letters-
-Phonemes Examples - -the word NO; /n/ /o/ has 2 phonemes
the word EIGHT; /a/ /t/ has 2 phonemes
,the word STRAIGHT; /s/ /t/ /r/ /a/ /t/ has 5 phonemes
-Graphemes - -are phonemes that are represented in written language;
they can be single letters /b/ or clusters of letters that represent single
sounds th, sh, oo, ough,
-How to develop Phonemic Awareness ? (in order) - -1. Isolating Phonemes
2. Blending Onset and Rime
3. Blending Phonemes
4. Deleting Phonemes
5. Segmenting words into Phonemes
6. Adding Phonemes
7. Substituting Phonemes
-Isolating Phonemes - -students identifying specific sounds at B, M, E of
words ex; what is the first sound in dog? /d/
-blending onset and Rime - -the onset is the leading consonant in the
syllable and the rime is the vowel and following consonants. ex; what word
can you make when you blend /s/ with ...and.... Sand
-blending phonemes - -students blend phonemes to form real words ex;
what word is made from blending these sounds /b/ /a/ /t/?
-Deleting Phonemes - -students identify the word that remains when a
phoneme is deleted ex; what word is left when we drop the /s/ from stop?
-Segmenting words into Phonemes - -students break a word into its
individual sounds by counting the sounds or by moving a marker for each
sound ex; show me how many phonemes are in the word BAKE?
/b/ /a/ /k/ 3 phonemes
-Adding Phonemes - -students make new words by adding a phoneme to a
word. ex: what word do you get when you add /b/ to the word /ring/? bring
-Substituting phonemes - -students make new words by replacing a specific
phonemes with another. ex; Say the word /bag/. Now change the /b/ to /r/
and what does it spell? rag
-Systematic instruction in Phonemic Awareness - -more difficult skills should
be taught later. ex; in order to add or substitute phonemes a child must be
able to isolate and blend phonemes.
-How does PA help young children to learn to read? - -it helps children to
use more of an advanced ways of learning new words. faster stronger
connections help produce more proficient readers
, -What are the 4 developmental phases that describe how children learn new
words? - -Pre-alphabetic phrase
Partial alphabetic phrase
Full alphabetic phrase
Consolidated alphabetic phrase
-Pre-alphabetic phrase - -children form connections bt visual features of a
word in print and its pronunciation and meaning. Ex; McDonald's
-Partial alphabetic Phrase - -the child makes connection bt some of the
letters within a word as it appears in print and the meaning and
pronunciation is stored in the oral vocabulary
-Full alphabetic phrase - -the child makes connections bt the full sequence
of letters and the words meaning and pronunciation...children learn faster
when they are able to match speech sounds or phonemes with letters they
see in print
-Consolidated alphabetic phrase - -children are able to use the idea that a
sequence or cluster of letters(-tion,-ake,trans-) can be used in many different
words to represent the same series of phonemes
-2 ways PA plays key roles in the processes readers use to recognize
unfamiliar words - -using phonemes in decoding
using phonemes in new word learning
-Using Phonemes in Decoding - -Decoding is used to describe how the
reader translates "graphemes into Phonemes and then blends the phonemes
to form words with recognizable meaning"
-Using Phonemes in New Word Learning - -words become sight words when
the reader has formed a strong connection bt the sequence of letters and the
word's spelling, pronunciation and meaning as it is stored in the readers oral
vocabulary.
-What are some Key ideas for teaching PA? - -1.Assess the kinds of PA tasks
students are able to do and plan accordingly
2.Focus on one or two PA skills at a time
3.Allocate a reasonable amount of time to PA instruction
4. Emphasize segmenting words into phonemes
5. Working with small groups
6.Use letters when teaching about Phonemes
7. Connect PA to reading and writing
8. Use manipulatives
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