Summary
Summary YR 2 CONTENT
- Institution
- University Of Sunderland (UoS)
Summary of 1 pages for the course Foundations Of Biomedical, Behavioural And Social Sciences For Medicine 2020/21 at UoS (YR 2 CONTENT)
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Inflammation and Repair 2Granulomatous inflammation: form of chronic inflammation- due to offending agent difficult
to eradicate
Characterised by aggregations of activated macrophages
2 main types:
Foreign body- suture no immune response due to no PAMP production
Immune- T cell response
Cell types:
Macrophages
Multi-nucleate cells
Lymphocytes
Caseating granulomas- cuff of Th cells – necrotic centre-cheesy appearance
Due to hypoxia and free radical mediated injury
Outcome: healing by fibrosis- extensive and can cause lethal organ damage
Tissue repair:
Haemostasis
Inflammation
Proliferative
Remodelling
Healing:
Regeneration- proliferation of functional cells which have regenerative capacity, driven by
growth factors, intact ECM
Proliferation of residual cells is supplemented by new mature cells from stem cells
Mechanisms of regeneration:
Growth factors- cell proliferation
Cell proliferation- bind to ECM and induce production of proteins which allow cells to
continue through the cell cycle
Integrins-bind to ECM- cellular proliferation
Scar formation: Combination of both
Labile tissue- able to regenerate
Stable tissue- regenerate upon stimulation
Permanent tissue- terminally differentiated, unable to regenerate
Scar formation-damage severe and extensive, unable to regenerate
Replaces tissue rather than restoring to functional state
Repair-24hr
Granulation tissue-3-5 days
Angiogenesis- sprouting of blood vessels from existing ones-by proliferation of endothelial
cells in response to growth factors
Deposition of connective tissue:
Cytokines and chemokines stimulate- Migration and proliferation of fibroblasts
Deposition of ECM
Progressive vascular regression
Fibroblasts- smooth muscle features
After deposition- Remodelled by MMPs
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