IB Biology SL notes for the Molecular Genetic Unit! These notes cover the structure of nucleic acids, DNA replication, karyotypes, sex determination, genomes, transcription and translation, RNA splicing, mutations and more. The textbook can be a bit all over the place, so these notes cover the unit...
Summary document of Chapter 5 Evolution and biodiversity IB Biology
IB Biology Full Course Notes + Required Drawings Units 1 - 11 & Option D
IB Human Physiology Option D - Biology HL & SL Notes for IBDP
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Topic 7 - Mutations
🍏 GENE MUTATION - a change in the base sequence of a gene
Mutations as Structural Changes (D1.3.1,
D1.3.4, D1.3.5)
POINT PossibleMISSENSE - A MUTAGENS - causes
MUTATION - 1 Results…change in mutation
base change in a —> sequence and
Ionizing radiation: x-
sequence in proteins
—> rays and radiation
—> made
Substitution:
Non-ionizing radiation:
1 base for 1 SILENT - No
UV light
base change to
amino acids Chemicals: tobacco
Insertion: A smoke, asbestos
made
new base is
inserted NONSENSE - A Viruses: Hepatitis B & C,
stop codon HPV, HIV
Deletion: A
shows up early;
base is Errors can also be made
protein may not
removed during DNA replication
be made or (rare because of DNA
Frame shift: different polymerase
Bases are
proofreading the
shifted to
sequence)
include or
exclude a
base
Topic 7 - Mutations 1
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