Apart of a larger collection of notes, this lecture was covered by a special guest speaker who covered the following:
1) Elements of Neurons
2) Synapses
3) Modern Neuroscience
Introduction to Pharmacology & Physiology covering the following topics:
1) Autonomic Nervous System
2) Cardiac C...
Introduction
I’m here to explain the process of explaining the neurons, the lecturer is Italian. Graduated from
a German University, his PhD is German and accent Italian, worked in the States for 10 years in
the biophysical department. Part of the faculty for 9 years, studied the physiology of the
neurons. Interested in Alzheimer cells. The attendance code can be found in Canvas.
Lecture: Elements of Neurons and Synapses
Historical Overview:
a) Shows list of Nobel Prize starting in 1906 with Golgi, Camillo (Italian) - Structure of the
Nervous System.
b) 1986 involved Levi-Montalcini, Rita who was Italian and covered ‘Control of nerve cell
growth’
c) Nowadays the Nobel Prize is for people who unlock tools, genetic tools.
The structure of the human brain is well defined:
● White Matter
● Grey Matter
, The Lecturer discusses the Nobel Prize Italian winners and their work, it is extremely difficult to
understand him. Cajal was a Spanish man, was famous for his work, and the story that he died
whilst in his bed. Cajal and Golgi did not like each other.
Modern Neuroscience
The ability to visual neurons, showing them alive and moving. Now we have the possibility to
target different cells using wavelength and other means. We use genetically encoded dyes,
created Brainbows
This allows us to follow neurons around the nervous system by tracking the genetically encoded
dyed neurons. Suggested to read a paper by Brett J. Kagan from October 12, 2022
Link to Suggested Paper: In vitro neurons learn and exhibit sentience when embodied in a
simulated game-world
The lecture slide includes a video explaining the process of how they track neurons across the
body, using includetory and excludetory neurons and the dyes mentioned above. We have
come a long way from the Nobel Prize (1st one) to today, where we can now manipulate cells.
Neurons are polarised cells, cell bodies with axons and dendrites. Dendrites are extensions of
the cell body that have most of the components that are found in the cell body. Dendrites
receive input from other cells. Axons are more specialised. Usually only one axon per neuron,
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