Fundamentals of Nursing Quiz #1 – 96 Q’s and A’s
Nightingale (descriptive theory) - -Health maintenance & restoration by
environmental manipulation, environment as the focus of nursing care
-Roy - -Adaptation; views the pt as an adaptive system
-Henderson - -Framing nursing care to meet the needs of the individual,
assisting the client to do what (s) he would do if (s) he were able to
-Rogers - -Person as energy field, openness, patter, dimensionality
-Orem - -Self-care deficit, help client to perform self care
-Leininger - -Culture care diversity & universality
-Peplau - -Interpersonal relationship b/t nurse and pt
-Watson - -Trans-personal caring, promoting and restoring health &
preventing illness
-Benner & Wrubel - -Primacy of caring, caring is central to nursing
-Theories - -help to describe, explain, and/or predict nursing care measures
-Domain of Nursing - -provides both practical and theoretical aspects of the
discipline
-Paradigm - -links science, philosophy, and theories accepted and applied
by a discipline, useful in describing the domain of a discipline
-The Nursing Paradigm - -links person, health, environment/situation,
nursing
-Nursing process - -method of applying the theory or knowledge
-person - -is the recipient of nursing care, including individual patients,
groups, families, and communities
-Health - -has different meanings for each patient, the clinical setting, and
the health care profession
-Environment/situation - -includes all possible conditions affecting patients
and the settings in which their health care needs occur
, -Nursing - -is the dx and tx of human responses to actual or potential health
problems
-Theory - -contains a set of concepts, definitions, and assumptions or
propositions THAT EXPLAIN A PHENOMENON, guide the design of nursing
interventions
-Nursing Theory - -is a conceptualization of some aspect of nursing,
describes, explains, predicts, and/or prescribes nursing care
-Phenomenon - -is an aspect of reality that people can consciously sense or
experience and is defined by: concepts, definitions, & assumptions
-Concepts - -ideas & mental images
-Definitions - -communicate the general meaning of the concepts
-Assumptions - -"taken for granted" statements
-Grand theory - -broad in scope, complex, require specification
-Middle-range theory - -more limited in scope and less abstract, address a
specific phenomenon and reflect practices of administration, clinical
interventions, or teaching
-Descriptive theory - -describe phenomena, speculate on why phenomena
occur, and describe the consequences of phenomena
-Prescriptive Theory - -address nursing interventions for a phenomenon,
and predict the consequence of a specific nursing intervention. action
oriented
-Interdisciplinary Theories - -explain systematic views of phenomena
specific to the discipline of inquiry:basic human needs, biologic& physical
sciences, developmental, psychosocial, systems
-According to Benner, an expert nurse goes through five levels of
proficiency. Identify them. - -a. Novice
b. Advanced Beginner
c. Competent
d. Proficient
e. Expert
-Novice - -Beginning nursing student or any nurse entering a situation in
which there is no previous experience. The learner learns via a specific set of
rules and procedures, which are usually stepwise and linear.