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Lecture notes BHCS2004 - Cell Biology (BHCS2004)
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- Plymouth University (UOP)
Lecture notes BHCS2004 - Cell Biology (BHCS2004)
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BHCS2004 introduction to cell signaling.LO: understand core principles to cell signaling
Name cell functions:
• Metabolism
• Communication
• Transport
• Motility
• Defense
Give three basic concepts of cell communication.
-cells should sense and respond to environments
-must:
+ Sense stimuli.
+ Integrate diverse inputs.
+ Produce important biological responses.
-communicate with other cells to enable correct cellular, tissue and organ function
Name the disruption of cell signaling and altered response which causes altered health:
• Proliferation
• Differentiation
• Apoptosis
Describe different. Response rates:
+ Fast = electrical, ion mediated
+ Medium = enzyme activity
+ Slow = gene expression
Principle 1: Cells respond to multiple signals.
To survive: trophic factors and death signals
Divide: mitogenic factors
, Differentiate: growth, trophic, factors and morphogens
Biological Responses:
• Proliferation= mitosis. Mitogens (cyclins, CDKs, Rb, E2F, wee, cak, MPF, APF, cdc25 etc.)
• Differentiation: specific change in protein expression or activity leading to alteration of
function ‘maturation’ (receptors, cytokines, CAM, cytoskeleton, channels, signal
transduction components etc.).
• Life span: apoptosis, autophagy (FasL, death receptors, AKT, p53, caspases, mdm2,
surviving.)
Principle 2: Signalling involves energy conversion.
Cells in mature organism must respond to signals to survive, adapt and be
successful in their environment
Signals come from external environments:
Ex of physical/chemical external signals:
Light
Sound these are converted to nerve signals (elec), chemical signals (ATP/GTP)
Touch
Odorant chemicals
Principle 3: same signalling molecule can induce different responses in different target cells
Internal signals:
Hormones:
Insulin
Testosterone
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