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Summary Edexcel A-level History - Poor Law; Bullet point notes £5.49   Add to cart
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  2.  
  3. PEARSON (PEARSON)
  4.  
  5. History 2015
  6.  
  7. Unit 34.2 - Poverty, public health and the state in Britain, c1780-1939 (9HI0)

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Summary Edexcel A-level History - Poor Law; Bullet point notes

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Thorough and easy-to-follow notes for the 'Poverty, public health and the state in Britain c'. Presented in a simple, bullet-point format, these notes got helped me get the highest in my year on the Poor Law paper. They contain all the information I learned from textbooks, class lessons and extra r...

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Topic 3.1
The Impetus for Public Health Reform

Why Did Reforms to Public Health Become Such a Pressing Issue From c.1780?
Public Health Problems Caused by the Industrial Revoluton
 Between 1781 and 1871 Britain grew from 13m to 31m with the populaton working in the
new factories, clustered in cites
 The Rising Populaton
 The Death Rate Fell:
 The medical industry created a smallpox vaccine
 The agricultural industry created more and beter food
 The chemical industry produced cheap soap
 The textle industry created cheap, easy to wash coton cloth
 The Birth Rate Rose:
 Lower child mortality meant that more people survived to have children
 These children too survived in greater numbers than their parents
 The Marriage Rate Rose:
 Farmers employed fewer live-in servants making it easier for couples to start a
life together
 Unskilled workers replaced skilled crafsmen meaning people began to earn
more, earlier
 All of this led to more children
 The Mobile Populaton
 Urban Dwellers:
 1801: 33%
 1851: 50%
 1891: 72%
 1900: 80%
 This was due to internal migraton from the countryside to the cites
 In the cites, the birth rate was far higher both than in the country and the death rate
 It was the rate of this growth (not the growth itself) that created serious problems for
public health in cites
 The Impact on Living Conditons
 As thousands of people moved to towns and cites the existng accommodaton flled and
became overcrowded
 The housebuilding industry could not keep up with the infux, nor could LAs provide the
infrastructure for proper sanitaton at the rate it was required
 This meant that people lived too closely together in accommodaton that lacked basic
sanitaton
 Therefore, diseases like Diphtheria, Typhoid, TB, Scarlet fever, and Cholera were
widespread
 Housing
 Bad housing was not exclusive to the Industrial Revoluton, but it was exacerbated by it
 People let out ‘free spaces’ like cellars and atcs as sperate dwellings
 These were commonly hugely overcrowded
 The new housing varied in type and quality, but as all housing had to be within walking
distance of the factory, it was usually compact, cheap, and hastly built
 Sanitaton
 Although the house was important, it was the lack of sanitaton that caused the
problems
 Few had drainage, sewage, or running water
 Privies were outside and empted into cesspits which would be empted every so ofen

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