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Lecture notes

HYPERKALEMIA - Causes and how to manage it

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By using this comprehensive guide designed for both medical professionals and individuals seeking to understand hyperkalemia you'll be able to explore its causes, symptoms, and potential complications. From understanding the physiological mechanisms behind elevated potassium levels to mastering th...

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  • March 3, 2024
  • 2
  • 2023/2024
  • Lecture notes
  • Dr n mendis
  • Emergency medicine - hyperkalemia management
All documents for this subject (13)
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navindie072
HYPERKALEMIA Normal range of serum K+ -3.5 – 5.1 mmol/dl
If it is >6.0mmol/dl or keep on persistently raising repeat the test frequently


Mild : 5 5-5 9
. .
mmol/dl

Moderate :
6 0-6 4
.
.


mmollal

kt (6 5
Severe : 6 5 OR [ECG changes 3x] i Serum
a
.




> .
+
,



CAUSES :

Transcellular shift Kt intake
Increased Pseudonyperkalemia
Reduced K+ excretion
· Decreased/no insulin · Too much hypoglycemic Hemolyzed venipuncture
·

·
AKI & CKB
(Be blockers medication
Decreased aldosterone
·
Drugs ,
·
prombocytosig
activity
·



Digoxin ·
TONS of Damanas (high plt)
Decreased RAAS activity ,




·
Acidogis Crespil · kt replacement therapy ·
high Pit high CBC
·
Drugs : ACEI , NSAIDS
metabolic)
ARBs , Kt sparing diuretics ·
Hyperosmolar State (HHS)

Addison's disease
·
Rhabdomyolysis
·




·
Tumor Lysisxd

·
Damage to RBC/hemolysis
·
Cardiopulmonary bypass
·
Hyperkalemic periodic
paralysis

Muscle weakness

Clinical features : Urine : Oliguria/anuria

· Skeletal muscle & neurons Respiratory distress


Skeletal muscles : muscle weakness Decreased cardiac contractility

Neurons : Action potential try / Reflexes tr ,
DTRS ↓ EKG
changes
·
GIT : constipation , ilevs ,
NT vt Reflexes
,




Cardiac :
·
↓CO >:
-

+BP
E KG
-es
EKG changes :
ARRHYTHMIAG (Bradycardia , HB , prolonged PR)
Mild
for
·
Skeletal muscles breathing
leaked T waves Call tented)
Diaphragm & intercostal muscle : Respiratory distress

· AKI/CKB
Prolonged PR segment

Oliguria , anuria Moderate

#of Pwave/flattened wave

Ix list
= FB) : ↑plt PWBC Prolong QRG
Thrombocytosis ,

Pseudohyperkalemia
-
·

Sample 87 elevation
· Remolysis of -


segment
Ectopic beats/escape rhythm
BUN4 Cr4 UOPV
CKD -GFRL
,
· AKI ,
, ,




Low Remin severe
= Aldosterone 4
Hyperaldesteronism
, - -
·



Progressively widening &RS
HHS >
-
Blood glucose
WH(03)
·

Sine
Acidosis >
-
ABG (PHt ,
PCO24 ,
waves

Met/Respi
U Fil
·




> CK44
Rhabdomyolysig
-




Po4
·
A
acid 4 , K+ 4 ,
systole
Uric
·
Tumor Usisxd >
-




Axis deviation
CBC
Hemolysis Blood picture ,
BBB/fascicular block
·




bilirubin 4 ↓ free haptoglobin
Unconjugated
,

↓ LDH4 ,



· ECG

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