NYSTCE - CST 245 Arts and Sciences
Exam Questions and Solutions
Altimeter - -an instrument that uses air pressure to record height
-Anemometer - -an instrument to measure wind speed
-Angiosperm - -a group of plans that produce seeds enclosed within an
ovary, which may mature into a fruit
-Annuals - -plants that die after one growing season
-Asexual Reproduction - -reproduction involving only one parent
-Atmosphere - -Earth's is primarily nitrogen and oxygen; the troposphere
extends from the surface to about 10km, the stratosphere from 10km to
50km, the mesosphere from 50km to 80km, and the thermosphere is the
atmosphere beyond 80km (exosphere extends beyond that)
-Aurora Borealis - -light emission from the upper atmosphere that appear in
many shapes and colors
-Bacillus - -a rod-shaped bacteria
-Blood - -fluid that circulates throughout the body of an animal, distributing
nutrients, and usually oxygen
-Canopy - -a layer of tree branches and other vegetation elevated above
the ground
-Carbon Dioxide - -a colorless, odorless gas that is important in the Earth's
atmosphere greenhouse effect
-Carcinogen - -a substance that can lead to cancer
-Carcinoma - -a malignant tumor which forms in the skin and outside of
internal organs
-Carnivore - -an organism that eats meat, which includes animals, fungi,
and plants
-Ceilometer - -an instrument that measures cloud height
, -Cell - -the fundamental unit of all life; consists of an outer plasma
membrane, the cytoplasm, and genetic material (DNA)
-Celsius - -a temperature scale in which water freezes at 0 degrees and
boils at 100 degrees
-Chemotherapy - -a cancer treatment that includes chemicals toxic to
malignant cells
-Chinook Wind - -a warm, dry wind on the eastern side of the Rocky
Mountains
-Chlorophyll - -the green substance that absorbs light during photosynthesis
-Chromosome - -a single DNA molecule, a tightly coiled strand of DNA,
condensed into a compact structure
-Clone - -An identical copy of an organism
-Cloud - -a visible group of water or ice particles in the atmosphere
-Commensalism - -a relationship between dissimilar organisms that is
advantageous to one and does not affect the other
-Continental Divide - -in the US, the part of the western mountains that
separates water flowing toward opposite sides of the country
-Convection - -the movement up in the atmosphere of heated moisture;
thunderstorms are often caused by convection
-Core - -the portion of Earth from beneath the mantle to the Earth's center
-Cross-Pollination - -fertilization of one plant by pollen from a different plant
species
-Diabetes - -a disease related to lowered levels of insulin
-Diploid Cell - -A cell with two copies of each chromosome
-DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) - -this primary component of chromosomes
carries an organism's genetic code
-Double Helix - -describes the coiling strands of DNA molecules that
resembles a spiral staircase
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