This document includes detailed explanations of the processes associated with natural population increase, including diagrams and a Case Study. This corresponds to CIE AS level Geography.
population policy: measures taken by governments aimed at
influencing population size, growth and decline, distribution or
composition.
- pro-natalist: promote large families
- anti-natalist: encourage limitation of births
- they may also encourage immigration to increase population size
- may also try to change the distribution of the population over a
geographical area - in-migration or displacement
- may be controversial - narrow a populations capacity to choose
even though some nations have expressed their opinion in regards to
population control/distribution, they may have not enforced a population
policy, thus the structure remains mostly unchanged
India - population policy 1952 - first LIC
- sterilisation 1970s
- abortion legalised in 1972
- minimum age for marriage increased to 18 for females and 21 for
males in 1978
- birth rates then fell rapidly
Some countries may also see fertility as too low - especially HICs --->
concerns regarding:
- the socioeconomic implications of population ageing
- the decrease in the supply of labour
- long-term prospect of population decline
Russia:
- population has dropped since 1991 - fall of the USSR
- Alcoholism, AIDS, pollution and poverty ---> reduced life
expectancy + birth rates
- government has urged families to have more children - “public
duty”
, CASE STUDY: Managing natural increase in China
China - population of more than 1.3 billion people
- operating the world's strictest family planning program since 1979
- one-child policy: drastically reduced population growth
- adverse consequences:
● premature demographic ageing
● unbalanced sex ratio
● generation of `spoiled´ only children
● social divide - wealthy couples can bypass the law
- the policy has successfully prevented around 300 million births
- even though China is the 3rd largest country in the world in terms
of land area, only 10% of the land can be used as arable land
● most of the fertile land is in the East and the South ---> the
areas with the highest population densities
Chinese philosopher Confucius:
- excessive population growth decreases output per worker + decreased
the general quality of life
- argued that any deviation from the optimum population (perfect balance
between land and population) would result in poverty
- believed that the government should displace population to areas
which are underpopulated when overpopulation in the cities occurs -
when optimum population isn't achieved
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller danielperea-milla. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for £3.39. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
