Exam (elaborations)
AQA A2 Philosophy - Metaphysics of the Mind with questions and answers
- Module
- Institution
A thought which is directed towards something with an opinion but with the same content as an intentional mental state
[Show more]
Seller
Follow
BrianBubba
Reviews received
Content preview
AQA A2 Philosophy - Metaphysics of the Mind with questions and answersthought and consciousness - correct answer-What are the two important features of the
mind
mental states/thinking a thought or feeling pain - correct answer-What do minds or mental
properties include and what are examples of this
consciousness - correct answer-what are pain and feelings examples of within the mind
(thought/consciousness division)
actual thinkings - correct answer-What counts as thoughts within the mind
(thought/consciousness division)
see it as composed of everything we are conscious of, which we can access via
introspection - correct answer-what is Descartes way of understanding the mind
A thought which is directed towards something - correct answer-What is an intentional
mental state
proposition/propositional content - correct answer-How can what an intentional mental
state is about be expressed and what as this known as
A thought which is directed towards something with an opinion but with the same content
as an intentional mental state - correct answer-what is an intentional mental state with
attitude
intentional mental states with attitudes - correct answer-Which type of mental states are
expressed as propositional content
exists within consciousness - correct answer-Why is phenomena only accessible through
introspection
the conscious aspects of mentality which are subjective to each of us - correct answer-
What is phenomenology of the mental
the aboutness of certain mental states which have propositional content - correct answer-
What is intentionality
have a specific nature - there is an intrinsic quality to my experience which is impossible to
define - correct answer-What does it mean that qualia are subjective
the non-intentional phenomenal properties of certain mental states which are accessible
through introspection - correct answer-What is qualia
,Bodies are divisible and physical minds aren't as you can cut up a body and not a mind -
correct answer-Why are the body and the mind ontologically distinct
something that can exist on its own and doesn't depend on something else - correct
answer-What is a substance
Leibniz's law - correct answer-What does Descartes use to develop the arguments for
substance dualism
If two things have all the same properties then they must be one thing, but if one has any
property the other lacks they must be distinct things - correct answer-What is Leibniz's law
My mind is indivisible/My body is divisible/My mind is not my body - correct answer-What is
the Indivisibility Argument for Substance Dualism
Patients who have undergone split brain surgery have reported visual or motor
separation/Hume says that Descartes came to the conclusion of the unity of the mind
through introspection, but when he introspected he was only aware of perceptions -
correct answer-What is the argument 'The Mental is Divisible' (criticism of the Indivisibility
Argument)
Physical states, such as running or being too hot, are not divisible/perhaps the concept of
indivisibility doesn't apply to the self/so not all physical things are divisible, so Descartes
argument is flawed - correct answer-What is the argument 'Not Everything that is Physical
is Divisible' (criticism of the Indivisibility Argument)
Descartes made a category mistake by thinking that the mind is a thing - it isn't a thing, it's
our behaviour/foreigners came to watch a cricket match but they have never seen it before,
so they don't know cricket. They ask people to explain each part of the team to them and
then they say 'where is the team spirit?' - he says that Descartes makes the same mistake
in thinking the mind was a substance. - correct answer-What is Gilbert Ryle's addition to
the argument 'Not Everything that is Physical is Divisible' (criticism of the Indivisibility
Argument)
can be conceived without contradiction in all possible worlds - correct answer-What is a
logical possibility
If it is true in some possible world that shares the actual world's fundamental physics -
correct answer-What is a physical possibility
Is not conceivable in our world but is conceivable in other worlds - correct answer-What is
a metaphysical possibility
,If I can clearly and distinctly conceive of my mind and body separately then it must be
possible to separate them/I can clearly and distinctly perceive myself - my mind - to be
essentially an unextended and thinking thing/It must be possible for the mind and body to
be separated in reality, so they are distinct substances - correct answer-What is the
Conceivability Argument for Substance Dualism
If God wanted to he could create a world where the mind and body are separate - correct
answer-What does Descartes Conceivability Argument mean
without a body something can't exhibit behaviour, without behaviour there is no mind -
correct answer-What is the 'Mind Without Body is not Conceivable' argument (criticism of
the Conceivability Argument)
this doesn't show it is physically possible in this world/response: why not? natural laws
governing the behaviour of everything in the universe may prevent consciousness from
appearing without a properly functioning brain - we cannot use a priori reasoning to make
empirical claims/natural laws of our world make it necessary to have a physical body to
support the mind - correct answer-What is the argument 'what is possible tells us nothing
about reality' (criticism of the Conceivability Argument)
Antoine Arnauld - someone who isn't aware of Pythagoras' theory could conceive of the
square of hypotenuse not to be equal to the other two - but not even God could make it so
that this isn't the case/Descartes isn't necessarily determining the true essences of the
body and mind but merely describing how they appear to him/The Masked Man Fallacy -
correct answer-What is the 'What is Conceivable may not be possible' argument (criticism
of the conceivability argument)
Descartes isn't using Leibniz's law correctly - it doesn't apply to intentional states which
are contexts in which the mind is thinking about or being aware of something which are
directed at something in the world. Descartes had an awareness of his body and mind but
that doesn't guarantee the fact that they do have the same properties/they don't have to
share all the same properties to be the same thing - correct answer-What is the Masked
Man Fallacy (informal explanation to support the 'What is conceivable may not be possible'
argument as a criticism of the conceivability argument.)
My idea of Batman is of a masked crusader/My idea of Bruce Wayne is not of a masked
crusader/Therefore Batman is not Bruce Wayne - correct answer-What is the formal
argument of the Masked Man Fallacy
A quality of a substance which depends for its existence on the substance - correct
answer-What is a property
, Conscience is a real phenomena but isn't substantial as it cannot exist without a brain -
the mind needs the physical properties of the brain to exist - correct answer-What does
property dualism say about conscience
identical copies of human beings but without conscious experiences or qualia - correct
answer-What are philosophical zombies
David Chalmers - correct answer-Who came up with philosophical zombies
Property dualism - correct answer-Which theory does the Philosophical zombies argument
support
phenomenal properties are neither supervenient to, nor reducible to physical properties -
correct answer-What is property dualism
Affecting the brain will affect the mind - correct answer-What does it mean if the brain is
supervenient to the mind
asks us to imagine a human that lacks qualia and other mental states - a human with no
conscious experience at all - they have no subjective awareness - correct answer-What is
Chalmers' thought experiment for the philosophical zombies
no, he just argues that the idea of them is conceivable then there is a possible world
inhabited by philosophical zombies - correct answer-Did Chalmers actually believe in
philosophical zombies
It is conceivable that there are zombies/If it is conceivable that there are zombies, it is
metaphysically possible that there are zombies/If it is metaphysically possible that there
are zombies, then phenomenal properties of consciousness are non-physical/Therefore
property dualism is true - correct answer-What is the formal philosophical zombies
argument for property dualism
Daniel Dennet said philosophical zombies are not conceivable/We are wrong in thinking
that we can take consciousness away from a person's ability to converse or react to stimuli
- having a mind is integral to being able to do this, and we should appreciate the way these
abilities are linked to the mental states/It isn't conceivable that a zombie would be able to
intelligibly talk to you in conversation without understanding what it's talking about - it
seems impossible to imagine that the person you're talking to has no conscious - correct
answer-What is the argument 'A Zombie World is not Conceivable' (criticism of
philosophical zombies argument)
a healthy person - any body which has organs which operate effectively is a healthy body.
And so, it would be nonsensical to say that a body which functions in all the same ways as
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller BrianBubba. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for £13.94. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
67096 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy revision notes and other study material for 14 years now