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Asthma Treatment, Symptoms, Pathophysiology,Nursing Interventions NCLEX Review Lecture
Registered Nurse RN
Asthma: Understanding the
Pathophysiology and Management
In this blog post, we will discuss the chronic lung disease called asthma. We
will explore the pathophysiology of an asthma attack and discuss the
management options available. Don't forget to access the free quiz to test
your knowledge on this condition after reading this post!
What is Asthma?
Asthma is a chronic lung disease that causes narrowing and inflammation
of the airways, specifically the bronchi and bronchioles. These airways are
chronically inflamed in patients with asthma. While there is no cure for
asthma, it can be managed with medications.
Asthma attacks can be triggered by various factors, such as exposure to
pet dander. When triggered, patients may experience chest tightness,
difficulty breathing, coughing, wheezing, and air trapping, which can
eventually lead to respiratory acidosis.
Understanding the Pathophysiology of Asthma
Let's take a closer look at the anatomy and physiology of breathing to
understand how an asthma attack occurs. When we inhale, we take in air
that contains oxygen. When we exhale, we remove carbon dioxide from our
blood to prevent acidosis.
In an asthma attack, the smooth muscles surrounding the bronchi and
bronchioles constrict, narrowing the airway. This constriction limits the flow
of air and can cause chest tightness and difficulty breathing.
The bronchi and bronchioles also have a mucosal lining, which contains
goblet cells that produce mucus. These cells help collect irritants and
prevent them from reaching the lower airways. However, during an asthma
attack, allergens like pet dander can overstimulate these goblet cells,
leading to excessive mucus production and further inflammation.
The combination of constricted airways and inflamed mucosal lining results
in decreased airflow, causing coughing and wheezing. As air flows through
the narrowed airways, it encounters the excess mucus, producing a musical
whistling sound known as wheezing.
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