Geography Grade 10 - Term 1 - Study Notes
Composition and structure of the atmosphere
The importance of the troposphere
Global warming
The effects of ozone depletion
Previous tests/ examination papers that was used to compile these notes:
2023 GRADE 10 TEST 1 SEKHUKHUNE EAST DISTRICT/ GAUTENG DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION EXAMPLER 2023
SACAI Nov 2020/ JUN 2020/ NOV 2021
I encourage you to answer the calculation/illustration questions without even
looking at the answers first.
Good luck.Juffrou Ansie
Geomorphology The study of the earth’s physical features and processes
that formed them.
Geological time Number of years in the past that rocks and landforms were
formed.
Crust the outer layer of the Earth, formed of solid rock.
Mantle Layer of the earth found between the crust and the core
composed of soft rocks.
Maritime A climate with moderate temperatures, due to the
influence of the ocean
Core The inner most layer of the Earth composed soft and solid
rocks.
Magma Liquid rock inside the Earth.
Lava Magma that comes out onto the Earth’s surface.
Rock It is a mixture of minerals.
Volcanism Transfer of magma within or onto the surface.
@ Juffrou_Ansie
, 2
Igneous Rock Forms when Magma cools and solidifies.
Sediments Pieces of rocks, clay and other substances from eroded
rocks.
Sedimentary Rocks which from layers of compressed sediments.
Rocks
Bedding Plane Plane separating layers of rocks.
Metamorphic Rocks that form when igneous or sedimentary rock change
Rock due to extreme heat and pressure.
Tectonic plate A section of the Earth’s crust which can move on the
mantle.
Plate Boundary The edge of a tectonic plate.
Convergent A plate boundary where plates are moving towards each
Plate Boundary other.
Divergent Plate A boundary where plates are moving apart from each
Boundary other.
Transform Plate Where plates slide or grind past each other.
Boundary
Constructive A plate boundary where new land is forming.
Plate Boundary
Destructive A plate boundary where is being destroyed.
Plate Boundary
An orthophoto The orthophoto map is a vertical aerial photograph with a
map map scale of 1:10 000
Dew point The temperature at which condensation begins
Terrestrial Transfer of energy in the form of long waves
Radiation
Isotherm Lines on weather map joining places with the same
temperature
@ Juffrou_Ansie
, 3
Condensation Process whereby water changes from ice to gas
Leeward Rain shadow on this side of a mountain
Reflection The ratio between the amount of light falling on a surface
and the amount reflected
Isohyets This line on a map joins places with the same rainfall.
Troposphere The lowest layer of the atmosphere
Conduction The transfer of energy by means of contact
Methane This is one of the greenhouse gases.
Mozambique The ocean current on the East Coast of Africa
Anemometer Wind speed is measured by this instrument
COMPOSITION AND THE STRUCTURE OF THE ATMOSPHERE
1. Layers of the atmosphere
GAUTENG DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION EXAMPLER 2023 & 2023 GRADE 10 TEST 1 SEKHUKHUNE EAST DISTRICT
Nitrogen:
The gas that makes up most of the
atmosphere
TROPOPAUSE:
The transition layer that
occurs between the
stratosphere and the
troposphere
TEMPERATURE INVERSION:
The term that is used if an
atmospheric layer experience a
negative temperature lapse rate.
@ Juffrou_Ansie
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