Drug phases: absorption ---> distribution ---> metabolism---> excretion
- When taking an oral drug as a solid form it first needs to disintegrate and then dissolution
- Liver is responsible for MOST metabolismmv
- Some drugs move freely, others need a protein or enzyme to travel
- First pass effect: when passed through the liver and it makes it bioavailable and makes
some part of it inactive(this is why we sometimes give a higher PO dose due to the3 first
pass effect)
- Bioavailability: what percentage of administered drug available for activity after the first
pass (much higher with IV drugs bc it doesn't have a first pass effect)
Half Life: the time it takes for the drug concentration to go down to 50% - after 1 half life, the
concentration in the body will be half of the starting dose.
Loading Dose: an initial higher dose to help reach a therapeutic level
Pharmacodynamics: study of way drugs affect body
- Primary effect: desirable response
- Secondary effect: desirable or undesirable
- Therapeutic index: good response without too many side
, effects Therapeutic drug monitoring
- Peak drug level 30min-60min after IV admin or hours after oral admin
- Trough drug level drawn right before the next dose
- If peak is too high then lower dose, if peak is too low then increase
- If trough is too high then space out the doses longer , if too low then increase frequency
of drug
Additive: sum of effects of 2 drugs
Synergistic: effect is much greater than effects of either drug alone
Antagonistic: 1 drug reduces or blocks the effect of other drug
Exam #1
Study Guide
Test may include information from:
· McCuistion Text
o CH 1-5
o CH- 9
o CH 12, 13, 14
o CH 35, 36
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