BIOD 101 FINAL
a. Name the three parts of a nucleic acid nucleotide.
b. What are the particular types of each of these that are found in DNA and what are the corresponding types that are found in RNA? - correct answer a. sugar, phosphate group, nitrogenous base
b. DNA- deoxyribose- phosphate group- adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine
RNA- ribose -phosphate group- adenine, guanine, cytosine, uracil
What are the four major differences btw DNA and RNA? - correct answer 1. DNA contains deoxyribose - RNA is ribose 2. DNA: thymine RNA: uracil 3. DNA: double stranded helix RNA: single strand
DNA is often described as a coiled ladder. In this description, what two parts of a DNA nucleotide form the uprights? What part forms the rungs? - correct answer The uprights are the sugar phosphate backbone, and the rungs are the bases.
Explain the 2 differences btw hydrolysis and dehydration condensation. - correct answer During dehydration condensation biomacromolecules are synthesized by joining building block monomers. A water molecule is lost and energy is used. Biomacromolecules are broken down into monomers during hydrolysis when a water molecule is added and energy is released.
Tell whether each of the following is carbohydrate, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid. Then explain the use of
each.
GLUCOSE - correct answer Carbohydrate; used as fuel, is referred to as blood sugar in humans and animals Tell whether each of the following is carbohydrate, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid. Then explain the use of
each.
Starch - correct answer Carbohydrate; the form in which plants store glucose
Tell whether each of the following is carbohydrate, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid. Then explain the use of
each.
Cellulose - correct answer Carbohydrate; woody tissue in plants and trees, indigestible fiber
Tell whether each of the following is carbohydrate, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid. Then explain the use of
each.
Triglyceride - correct answer Lipid; the major form of fuel storage that when broken down produces twice as much energy per gram than carbohydrates
Tell whether each of the following is carbohydrate, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid. Then explain the use of
each.
Phopholipid - correct answer Lipid; the major constituent of cell membranes
Tell whether each of the following is carbohydrate, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid. Then explain the use of
each.
Hemoglobin - correct answer Protein; carries oxygen in the blood
Tell whether each of the following is carbohydrate, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid. Then explain the use of
each.
DNA - correct answer Nucleic Acid; contains genetic material of cells Tell whether each of the following is carbohydrate, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid. Then explain the use of
each.
RNA - correct answer Nucleic Acid; part of the protein-synthesizing operation of the cell
Tell whether each of the following is carbohydrate, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid. Then explain the use of
each.
Cholesterol - correct answer Lipid; component of animal cell membranes that, when in excess, can form plaque on artery walls
Tell whether each of the following is carbohydrate, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid. Then explain the use of
each.
ATP - correct answer Nucleic Acid; releases energy through the breaking of high-energy phosphate bond
Tell whether each of the following is carbohydrate, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid. Then explain the use of
each.
Glycogen - correct answer Carbohydrate; the form in which animals and humans store glucose
Tell whether each of the following is carbohydrate, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid. Then explain the use of
each.
Insulin - correct answer Protein; a hormone
Why are proteins so often used to build structures? - correct answer Because they are "structurally sophisticated". They are strong, yet flexible and incredibly diverse.
Explain the following terms in regard to proteins: a. Primary structure:
b. Secondary structure: c. Tertiary structure: d. Quaternary structure: - correct answer a. Amino acid monomers in a linear chain
b. 2 repeating patterns are possible; a spring like coil of fibrous proteins within the linear chain forms (alpha-helix) and/or in the linear chain the pattern snakes back and forth; strong and flexible but not elastic. Both conformations held together with hydrogen bonds. It's possible that one chain can have both patterns
c. Folding of the secondary structure; 3D shape determined by R-group interactions and hydrogen bonds
d. Interactions between two or more polypeptide chains. Each chain has its own primary, secondary, and
tertiary structure. **need 2 or more polypeptide chains for this structure**
The bases present in nucleic acids contain what element besides C and H and O? - correct answer Nitrogen
What is the property that makes a molecule a lipid? - correct answer being insoluble in water due to the presence of the long chain of hydrocarbons
What is the main reason for the polarity of most biomacromolecules? - correct answer Most biomacromolecules are polar due to the strongly electronegative oxygen (or nitrogen) in the functional group
Name the building-block molecule(s) for each of the following biomacromolecules:
Proteins - correct answer Amino Acids
Name the building-block molecule(s) for each of the following biomacromolecules:
Lipids - correct answer fatty acids and glycerol
Name the building-block molecule(s) for each of the following biomacromolecules:
