Diseases
Infectious and non-infectious
diseases
The infectious diseases are
microorganisms that trigger
communicable diseases,
including bacteria, viruses,
parasites, or fungus, that can
transfer the diseases from one
individual to another. Therefore,
infectious diseases are also
known as contagious diseases
which simply means that they
are communicable diseases that
can spread from one person to
another person. Whereas,
non-infectious diseases cannot
be transmitted from one
individual to another since they
are not caused by pathogens or
microorganisms. Rather,
non-infectious diseases are
spread or caused by genetic
diseases, environmental
diseases, degenerative diseases
and dietary diseases.
,Infectious diseases
Bacteria
Microorganisms that are unicellular, reproduction, and generally free-living are known as bacteria.
They make up a significant portion of the prokaryotic microbial kingdom. As a result, bacteria are the
smallest microorganism that can be found inside or outside of living things which is a complex
organism. Therefore, a single bacterium is referred to as a single celled, or unicellular, organism
because it only has one cell. There are three most common bacteria shape such as:
➔ Bacillus
➔ Coccus
➔ Spirillum
Characteristic of bacteria
Bacteria is a gel-like matrix which is made up of water, enzymes, nutrients, waste and gases,
therefore, it comprises cell components like ribosomes, chromosomes, and plasmids. The cytoplasm
is where the processes for cell development, metabolism, and replication take place within bacterial
cells. The cytoplasmic membrane is a coating of phospholipids and proteins which covers the inside
of the bacteria and has the ability to control the movement of substances inside and outside of the
cell. In addition, The chromosome of DNA is found in the nucleoid, which is a section of the
cytoplasm. The DNA strands are only located in a region of the cytoplasm rather than a
membrane-bound nucleus. This means that bacteria has no nucleus but instead it has a circular
strand of DNA which is called Plasmid that allows it to float in the cytoplasm. Moreover, bacteria also
consist of flagella which is referred to as a tail-like structure that allow bacteria to move through
liquids and also consist of a slime capsule that protects bacteria from drying out. Therefore, bacteria
have many characteristic features that help to maintain their shape and avoid bursting.
,These bacteria multiply rapidly within the body, which create harmful substances that cause
infection. There many type of bacteria diseases that can be harmful and deadliest such as:
Tuberculosis - Tuberculosis is a bacterial
disease that is communicable because it can
be spread by breathing small droplets
whenever an individual sneezes or coughs. It
has a significant impact on the lungs, and as
a result, it can affect any other part of the
body, including the abdomen, glands, bones,
as well as nervous system.
Symptoms of Tuberculosis (TB)
Some symptoms of tuberculosis include:
- Contagious cough
- Weight loss
- Night sweat
- High temperature
- Fatigue
- Loss of appetite
- Swelling in the neck
- Chest pain or pain with breathing
There are some effect of tuberculosis on other organ or tissues such as:
- Heart disorders →Tuberculosis can negatively affect the tissues which support the heart,
causing infection, inflammation, and oedema, which can impair the heart's ability to pump
sufficiently. This is also referred to as cardiac tamponade because it can have a significant
impact on the heart's ability to pump quicker with high pressure, resulting in fatal.
- Liver and kidney diseases →The liver and kidneys' function is to filter water and harmful
substances from the bloodstream. Nevertheless, tuberculosis can impair these organs,
preventing them from functioning properly and causing damage to surrounding tissues.
- Joint damage →Tuberculosis may have a massive impact on joints, causing knee or hip
discomfort and inflammation, similar to Arthritis, which can have a considerable impact on
an individual's lifestyle.
- Brain damage →Tuberculosis can induce swelling of the membranes that coat the brain,
which can have a significant impact on an individual's health since it produces headaches for
several weeks or even months.
Treamenets
Antibiotics are often prescribed by doctors and should be taken daily for six months. As a result,
because some varieties of TB are resistant to certain medicines, other types of antibodies should be
provided. However, if a person is diagnosed with a drug-resistant type of TB, further therapy is
required.
, Life cycle of bacteria (tuberculosis bacteria)
