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Non-ionising radiation
Non-ionizing radiation is any type of electromagnetic radiation that does not have enough energy to
ionise atoms or molecules. Depending on the intensity and period of exposure, non-ionizing
radiation can result in localised heating or a photochemical reaction, both of which are probable to
result in irreparable damage. Additionally, radio waves, infrared microwaves, and visible light are all
examples of non-ionizing radiation. Non-ionizing radiation has a strong presence at the long
wavelength end of the spectrum and may possess sufficient energy to excite molecules and atoms,
causing them to vibrate more rapidly.
Non-ionizing radiation, which can ionise cells and destroy DNA, is thought to be less dangerous to
human health than ionising radiation, which includes x-rays and gamma rays. Hence, continuous
exposure to dangerous factors, such as UV radiation from the sun, can affect the skin and eyes.
(red5, 2019)
Ultrasound
Ultrasounds are high frequency sound waves that are used to image the interior organs and blood
vessels of the body in order to diagnose medical disorders. Hence, a tiny portable instrument called
"transducer" is inserted into the skin or a body cavity during an ultrasound examination.
High-frequency sound waves are emitted by the transducer and then reflected back to it by interior
structures. A computer converts the echoing sound wave into a picture. Because it doesn't emit
ionising radiation, ultrasound is a non-invasive and secure diagnostic method. It may be used to
identify a wide range of medical conditions, including kidney stones, glass stones, and some forms of
cancer. It is frequently used during pregnancy to monitor the growth of the foetus. To view the
unborn child within the womb in pregnant women, ultrasound is frequently used. Consequently, with
this method, kidney stones and a foetus can be observed and detected. (Krans, 2016)
, MRI
The term "MRI" stands for magnetic resonance imaging, which creates accurate pictures of the
body's interior organs using a powerful magnetic field, radio waves, and a computer. Without
utilising ionising radiation, MRI may provide pictures of the body's organs, tissues, bones, and other
structures. As a consequence, the patient will lie on a table that slides inside a large cylindrical
magnet during the MRI scan. In order to align the proton in the hydrogen atoms in the body's
tissues, the magnet produces a powerful magnetic field around the body. The aligned proton will
then be exposed to radio waves, which will cause them to generate energy signals that the MRI
equipment can detect. This is due to the signals being processed by the computer to provide precise
photographs of the body's interior structure. The method's benefit is that it may be used to direct
some surgical procedures, track the success of specific treatments, and diagnose a range of medical
disorders.
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why non-ionising radiation are used for diagnosing and treatment:
Although non-ionizing radiation is generally seen as safer than ionising radiation, which can cause
DNA damage and raise the risk of cancer, it is utilised in medical diagnosis and treatment.
Non-ionizing radiation, including ultrasound, MRI, and OCT, can be utilised in medical imaging to
provide detailed images of the inside of the body. In contrast to how radio waves and a magnetic
field are used by MRI to produce detailed images of the body, ultrasound creates images using sound
waves. This procedure avoids the patients from highly hazardous ionising radiation while detecting
soft tissue damage including tumours. Moreover, ultrasound uses high-frequency sound waves to
produce images of the inside of the body that are subsequently used to detect various diseases. It
provides a thorough image of the interior organs and aids in the medical diagnosis of illnesses.
Sound waves are used in ultrasound; these sound waves are harmless and have no harmful effects on
the patient. In addition to imaging, ultrasound can be used effectively to break kidney stones or
improve blood flow in areas where it has been restricted.
Therefore, non-ionising radiation techniques don't create any potentially dangerous products and
don't require any special handling or disposal methods. Because efficiency and safety are of the
highest importance, they are thus ideal for use in medical institutions.
