NR503 Epidemiology Final, NR 503 Epi Final, NR
503 Epi Midterm QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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1). Common risk factors
Ans: unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, tobacco use
2). Childhood risk
Ans: conditions before birth and early in childhood influence health in adult life.
3). Risk accumulation
Ans: Ageing is an important marker of the accumulation of modifiable risks for
chronic disease
4). Underlying determinants
Ans: a reflection of the major forces driving social, economic, and cultural change. I.e.
globalization, urbanization, population ageing, and general policy environment
5). Poverty
Ans: interconnected with chronic disease in a vicious circle increasing exposure to
risks and decreased access to health services
6). Primary prevention
Ans: aims to prevent disease. I.e. banning hazardous products, educating on healthy/
safe habits, immunizations
7). Secondary prevention
Ans: reduce impact of disease or injury that has already occurred. I.e. screening tests,
low-dose ASA, suitably modified work
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, 8). Tertiary prevention
Ans: aims to soften impact of ongoing illness. I.e. cardiac or stroke rehab, support
groups, vocational rehab
9). Cross cultural health care program (cchcp)
Ans: materials to improve cultural competency among health providers to provide
healthcare interventions and other cultural variants
10). Marginalization
Ans: Major cause of vulnerability referring to exposure to a range of possible harms
11). Variables at risk for marginalization
Ans: high risk health literacy, cultural barriers, low english proficiency
12). Cultural competence
Ans: a dynamic, fluid, continuous process whereby an individual, system or health
care agency find meaningful and useful care delivery strategies based on knowledge of
the cultural heritage, beliefs, attitudes, and behavior of those whom they render care
13). Norms & values
Ans: soecific practices that guide the actions and decisions of each person in a group
based on their culture. Can be learned or shared.
14). Kleinman explanatory model
Ans: A set of questions that the APN can use in order to assess the culture of a
patient.
15). Socioeconomic status
Ans: A measure that takes into account three interrelated dimensions: a person's
income level, education level, and typ of occupation.
16). Disparities
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, Ans: a higher burden of illness, injury, disability, or mortality experiences by one grup
relative to another
17). Minorities
Ans: a group of people who because of their physical or cultural characteristics, are
singled out from the other in society
18). Food desert
Ans: neighborhoods and communities that have limited access to affordable and
nutritious foods
19). Social determinants of health
Ans: poverty, education level, raciam, income, and poor housisng that effect access to
healthcare
20). Social justice theory
Ans: the goal that all people will have equal opportunity to healthcare access and
quality of healthcare will be the same
21). Data sources utilized to access determinants of health
Ans: Healthy People 2020, US Census, US Department of Health and Human Services,
Office of Minority Health and Health Disparities
22). Accommodation
Ans: To create an environment that accomodates health practice and ritual from other
cultures within a plan of care
23). Acculturation
Ans: degree to which an individual from one culture has given up the traits of that
culture and adopted the traits of the dominant culture in which they now reside
24). Assimilation
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