Exploring Social Psychology 8th Edition By David Myers - Test Bank
Test Bank for Exploring Social Psychology 8E Myers.pdf
SOCIAL PSYC - Chapters 1 & 4
All for this textbook (10)
Written for
York University (Ebor
)
Psychology
PSYC 2120 (PSYC2120)
All documents for this subject (9)
Seller
Follow
austinm
Reviews received
Content preview
GROUP INFLUENCE
What is a Group?
-all groups have one thing in common: their members interact. Group: two or more people who interact
and infuence one another
-different groups help us meet different human needs: to afliatee to achieve and to gain social idenity
-3 examples of collecive infuence are: social facilitaione social loafng and deindividualizaion
-4 examples of social infuence in interacing groups are: group polarizaione groupthinke leadershipe and
minority infuence
Social Facilitatoo: how are we afectee by the preseoce of others?
-The Mere Presence of Others:
-‘mere presence’ means that the people are not compeinge do not reward or punish and in fact do
nothing expect be present as a passive audience
-the presence of others improves the speed with which people do simple tasks
-these social facilitatoo effects also occur in animals
-howevere other studies started to reveal that having others around actually hinders performance
-BASICALLYe arousal enhances whatever response tendency is dominant. Increased arousal enhances
performance on easy tasks for which the most likely dominant response is correcte
-on complex taskse for which the correct answer is not dominante increased arousal promotes
incorrect responses
-Crowding: The Presence of Many Others:
-in imes of stresse a comrade can be comforing. Howevere with others presente people may also tend to
get more stressed having others present on complex tasks decreases performance
-the effect of other’s also increases with numbers
-being in a crowd also intensifes posiive or negaive reacions. When they sit close togethere friendly
people are liked even more and unfriendly people are disliked even more.
-BASICALLYe crowdinge had a similar effect to being observed by a crowd: it enhances arousale which
facilitates the dominant response
Why Are We Aroused in the Presence of Others?
-there is evidence to support 3 possible factors:
1. Evaluatoo Appreheosioo: the enhancement of the dominant response is strongest when
people are being evaluated. The self-consciousness we feel when being evaluated can also
interfere with behaviours that we perform best automaically
, 2. Driveo by Distractoo: when people wonder how co-actors are doing or how an audience is
reacinge they get distracted. This arousal comes not from the presence of another person but
even from a non-human distracione such as a burst of light
3. Mere Preseoce: the mere presence of others produces some arousal even without evaluaion
apprehension or arousing distracion. Recall that facilitaion effects also occur with non-human
creatures. This fnding hints at an innate social arousal mechanism common to much of the
zoological world
Social Loafon: Do Ioeivieuals Exert Less Efort io a Group?
Many Hands Makes Light Work:
-contrary to the common noion that “in unity there is strength”. Group members may actually be less
moivated when performing addiive tasks social loafon
-in group condiionse people are tempted to free-riee on the group effort
-to moivate group memberse one strategy is to make individual performance idenifable. Whether in a
group of note people exert more effect when their output is individually idenifable
Social Loafng in Everyday Life:
-researches have found evidence of social loafng in almost every culturee communitye collecivist and
north American
-howevere someimes the goal is so compelling and maximum output from everyone is so essenial that
team spirit maintains intensity and effect (ie. Olympic teams)
-people in groups load less when the task is challenginge appealing or involving
-people also loaf less when they know the members in the group or know they will see them again
Deioeivieuatoo: Wheo Do People Lost Their Seose of Self io Groups?
Doing Together What We Would Not Do Alone:
-groups can arouse peoplee and groups can diffuse responsibility. When arousal and diffused
responsibility combinee and normal inhibiions diminishe the results can be startling
-acts may range from mild lessening of restraint to impulsive self-graifcaion to destrucive
social explosion
-these unrestrained behaviours have something in common: they are somehow provoked by the power
of the group
-people are more likely to abandon normal restraints and to lose their sense of individual responsibility
called eeioeivieuatoo
-circumstances that elicit this response:
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller austinm. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for £6.09. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
