Pharmacology
Pharmacology Definition - Answer-the study of drugs and their interactions with the human body
Drug definition - Answer-any chemical agent that affects living protoplasm
Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR) - Answer-any response to a drug which is harmful and unintended
occurs at do...
Pharmacology
Pharmacology Definition - Answer-the study of drugs and their interactions with the human body
Drug definition - Answer-any chemical agent that affects living protoplasm
Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR) - Answer-any response to a drug which is harmful and
unintended
occurs at doses used for prophylaxis, diagnosis, or treatment
side effects, drug allergies ,and drug interactions
Pharmacokinetics processes - Answer-the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination
of drugs
ADME - Answer-Absorption
Distribution
Metabolism
Elimination
pharmacokinetics definition - Answer-the action of the body on a drug
absorption is... - Answer-the movement of a drug from its site of administration into the central
compartment and the extent to which this occurs
effects of solid capsules and absorption - Answer-solid dosage forms require dissolution of the
capsule first, then absorption can occur
passive transport - Answer-diffusion from higher to lower concentration
active transport - Answer-against a concentration gradient, requires energy
absorption and stomach - Answer-some medications need an empty stomach for basic
environment, some need an acidic environment
after absorption comes - Answer-distribution
distribution - Answer-drug is transported to a site where it reacts with various bodily tissues
and/or receptors
what determines the rate of delivery and potential amount of drug distributed to tissues -
Answer-cardiac output, regional blood flow, capillary permeability, and tissue volume
what organs receive most of the drug first - Answer-liver, kidney, brain, and other well-perfused
organs
medicines that can cross blood-brain barrier - Answer-lipophilic medicines, good for getting into
CNS
, second distribution phase - Answer-slower, delivers to muscle, most viscera, skin, and fat
lipid soluble drugs have a high affinity for - Answer-adipose tissue where they are stored
examples of highly lipid soluble drugs - Answer-phenothiazines, benzodiazepines, barbiturates
metabolism function - Answer-to convert active lipid soluble compounds to inactive water-
soluble substances to be primarily excreted by the kidney
phase 1 of metabolic process - Answer-hepatic microsomal enzymes oxidize, demethylate, and
hydrolyze drugs
more significant DIs
phase 2 of metabolic process - Answer-large water-soluble substances are attached to the drug
for those who aren't water soluble enough to go through phase 1
may need to do a few times until it's hydrolyzed enough to exit
Hepatic Microbial Enzymes - Answer-phase 1
CYP450 isoenzymes
either induce or inhibit metabolism
CYP450 classification scheme - Answer-CYP # X #
enzyme inhibition and its effect on metabolism - Answer-decrease the rate of metabolism
enzyme inhibitors effect on concentration - Answer-increases the drug concentration
enzyme induction of CYP 450 - Answer-stimulates the increase in CYP 450 enzyme activity
enzyme induction and clearance of drug - Answer-increases clearance of drug by increasing
metabolic activity
enzyme induction and drug concentraion - Answer-decreases drug concentration by increasing
metabolic activity
phenobarbital - Answer-the prototype inducer. induces all enzymes it goes through
precipitant definition - Answer-cause the enzymes to speed up or slow down
object drug - Answer-drug that has the action done upon it by the precipitant
excretion - Answer-process that removes the drug and its metabolites from the body. primarily
through the urine
routes of excretion - Answer-urine, feces, lungs, skin
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