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Summary AQA AS Psychology Key terms&definition
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AQA AS Psychology Key terms&definition, including biopsychology, psychopathology, memory, social influence, research methods and approaches in psychology
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Content1. Social influence
2. Memory
3. Biopsychology
4. Psychopathology
5. Research methods/Scientific processes/Data handling and analysis
6. Approaches in psychology
Social influence:
Conformity: the tendency to change what we do(behavior), think or say(attitudes) in response to
the influence of others. The pressure to conform can be real or imagined
Compliance: a superficial type of conformity in which people conform publicly but privately
disagree
Internalisation: the deepest type of conformity in which people change their beliefs permanently,
so the beliefs become part of their way of seeing the world
Normative social influence: conformity based on the desire to be liked and accepted
Informational social influence: conformity based on the desire to do the right thing
Unanimity: complete agreement from a group of people about an answer or viewpoint
Obedience: following an order to carry out an action. Orders are usually given by people with
power or authority
Agentic state: a state in which an individual carries out the orders of another person, acting as
their agent with little personal responsibility
Agentic shift: the switch from operating as an autonomous individual to acting as an agent for
another person, usually an authority figure
Legitimate authority: a person or organisation in which social power is invested, eg. A police
officer.
Social support: support from other people who are also defying the pressure to conform or obey
Locus of control: refers to the sense of control people have over the successes, failures and
events in their lives
Memory:
, Coding/encoding: changing the format of information for use in memory
Capacity: the amount of information that can be held in memory
Duration: the length of time information remains in memory
Sensory register: a store of sensory information that lasts no more than a few seconds
Short-term memory (STM): a temporary memory store that holds limited amount of information
for a short period of time
Long-term memory (LTM): a permanent store where limitless amounts of information can be
stored for long periods of time
central executive: the part of working memory that coordinates other components
phonological loop: the part of working memory that deals with auditory information
visuo-spatial sketchpad: the part of working memory that deals with visual information
Episodic buffer: a part of working memory which is a temporary store integrating information
from the other components
Declarative memory: long-term memory for “knowing that”
Procedural memory: long-term memory for “knowing how”
Semantic memory: a type of long-term memory for information about the world like facts and
general knowledge that is not linked to particular events or contexts
Episodic memory: a type of long-term memory for specific events and experiences in our lives
Cognitive interview: an interview technique devised to improve the accuracy of witness recall
Biopsychology:
Neurons: the cells making up the nervous system, which conduct electrical impulses
Sensory neuron: neuron carrying sensory information into the central nervous system from the
body’s sensory receptors
Central nervous system(CNS): major part of the nervous system, made up of the brain and the
spinal cord
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