Physiotherapy
what are the physiologic benefits of physiotherapy? (7) - Answer-1. increased blood flow and lymphatic
drainage
2. earlier resolution of inflammation
3. relax muscle spasm
4. relieves pain and discomfort
5. earlier ambulation
6. minimize muscle atrophy and tendon/ ligament contraction
7. earlier and more complete return to normal function
what are psychological benefits of physiotherapy? - Answer-1. mental stimulation
2. physical contact
What are some types of physiotherapy? (8) - Answer-1. massage
2. exercise
3. hydrotherapy
4. cryotherapy
5. thermotherapy
6. electrotherapy
7. ultrasound
8. laser
what is massage? - Answer-the manipulation of soft tissue with the hands
what does massage accomplish? - Answer-1. increases blood flow which in turn increases availability of
blood born nutrients, immune agents and oxygen
2. enhances the flow of lymph away from tissue providing improved elimination of waste products
3. mechanical pressure and stretching breaks down fibrous tissue and adhesion thus increasing range of
motion
4. loosen and stretches contracted tendons
5. stimulates peripheral nerves and induces relaxation
6. stimulates release of "endorphins" which increase well-being
what are the indications for massage? - Answer-1. contracted or tight tendons, muscles or ligaments
2. injuries and wounds where initial inflammation has subsided - post trauma and post surgical
3. peripheral nerve injuries
4. reduction of scar tissue on old wounds
5. chronic edema
what are the contraindications of massage? - Answer-1. recent injuries and wounds which are still in the
inflammatory process
2. recent and non-stabilized fractures
3. sprains
4. foreign bodies under the skin
5. skin which is diseased or very friable
6. tumours
7. hemorrhage
what are the 6 massage techniques? - Answer-1. strokes or passes - effleurage
2. fingertip massage
3. deep massage - petrissage
4. friction massage
, 5. acupressure
5. trigger point massage
Effleurage - Answer-strokes applied with the palm and fingers flat as though you were petting the animal,
begin with light pressure and increase pressure gradually.
-15 strokes per minute
-good "warm up" and "closure"
fingertip massage - Answer-uses the tips of 2 or 3 fingers as one unit, small circular movements are made
over muscle masses. Again begin with light touch and increase pressure as muscle relaxes
deep massage - petrissage - Answer-technique similar to kneading and rolling bread dough. used for
limbs, thigh and shoulder. This technique involves not pressure or rubbing but actually picking up large
muscle groups with the thumb and fingers straight and squeezing them in your fingers
-painful if the muscles are contracted, one hand applies massage while the other supports the limb
friction massage - Answer-the balls of 2 or 3 fingers of both hands are used for this technique, similar to
fingertip massage except that the fingers "comb" the hair in a repetitive and rapid short stroke
acupressure - Answer-applies principles of acupuncture and meridians through which energy flows in the
body. Pressure is applied to these points keeps the channel open and maintains the flow of energy.
Consists of steady pressure to the point with thumb, heel of hand or elbow. the pressure should be
directed "through" the area.
trigger point massage - Answer-sometimes called mythotherapy or myofascial trigger-point massage, this
technique is similar to acupressure. The therapist feels the muscles for taut bands, areas of tension and
increased sensitivity. The trigger point is the point of maximum tenderness and will react with a twitch
when pressure is applied. Gentle but steady pressure to the trigger point deactivates the trigger point by
causing a transient ischemia which is followed by reactive hyperemia and relaxation
what are the benefits of exercise? - Answer--used to strengthen or maintain the musculoskeletal system
-aids in balance, stability, coordination, cardiovascular and respiratory function
what are the 2 types of exercise - Answer-active and passive
what is passive range of motion used for? - Answer--recumbent patients who are unable to exercise
themselves; post surgical, very weak or paralyzed patients
-each joint is supported in anatomic positions by one hand while the other hand moves the joint through
its range of motion (5-10 times per motion)
-for most patients general ROM is indicated - the joint is put through its normal range and not forced
-for contracted tendons and muscle contractures, the affected joint is pushed about 5% beyond its
present contracted position and held in that position for the count of 5 and slowly released.
what does active exercise require? - Answer--passive is preferred
-requires the animal to have some ambulatory ability
-may be used in conjunction with slings, supports and carts
-the goal of active exercise is to restore the animals ability for and tolerance of exercise to pre-insult
levels or as close to that level as possible.
-each patient or group of similar patients should have an organized, graduated exercise program
developed for them.
what is hydrotherapy? - Answer-the application of water as a form of therapy
what therapies can hydrotherapy provide? - Answer--buoyancy and resistance both of which are
desirable; permits exercise without stress on healing bones and joints and resistance provides an instant
workout for muscles and the cardiovascular system
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