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As & A Level Psychology 9990/21 Paper 2 Research Methods May/June 2023 Authentic Marking Scheme Attached £8.16
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As & A Level Psychology 9990/21 Paper 2 Research Methods May/June 2023 Authentic Marking Scheme Attached

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As & A Level Psychology 9990/21 Paper 2 Research Methods May/June 2023 Authentic Marking Scheme Attached

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  • April 11, 2024
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  • 2023/2024
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  • psychology
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Cambridge International AS & A Level
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PSYCHOLOGY 9990/21
Paper 2 Research Methods May/June 2023

1 hour 30 minutes

You must answer on the question paper.

No additional materials are needed.

INSTRUCTIONS
● Answer all questions.
● Use a black or dark blue pen. You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs.
● Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the boxes at the top of the page.
● Write your answer to each question in the space provided.
● Do not use an erasable pen or correction fluid.
● Do not write on any bar codes.


INFORMATION
● The total mark for this paper is 60.
● The number of marks for each question or part question is shown in brackets [ ].




This document has 12 pages. Any blank pages are indicated.


DC (RW) 318179/2
© UCLES 2023 [Turn over

, 2

Section A

Answer all questions in this section.


1 Explain what is meant by the term ‘ecological validity’. You may use an example in your answer.

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................... [2]


2 In the study by Laney et al. (false memory), different types of items were used in the various
questionnaires. Two of the items included:
• rating items on a scale of 1–8 (from ‘definitely did happen’ to ‘definitely did not happen’)
• multiple choice items where participants circled a price they would pay for different foods, e.g.
$1.90, $2.50, or ‘would never buy’.

(a) Explain whether these items are both open questions, both closed questions, or one of each.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

(b) Laney et al. used a ‘critical item’ in the profile and in a questionnaire given to the experimental
group.

Explain what is meant by a ‘critical item’, using the example from Laney et al.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]




© UCLES 2023 9990/21/M/J/23

, 3

3 In the study by Canli et al. (brain scans and emotions), a repeated measures design was used.

(a) Explain what is meant by a ‘repeated measures design’. Include an example from Canli et al.
in your answer.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

(b) Explain one strength of using a repeated measures design.

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...................................................................................................................................................

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............................................................................................................................................. [2]


4 Explain two ways in which the procedure was standardised in the study by Yamamoto et al.
(chimpanzee helping).

1 .......................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

2 .......................................................................................................................................................

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[4]




© UCLES 2023 9990/21/M/J/23 [Turn over

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