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Summary Hamlet - context

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Notes on the contexts surrounding Hamlet

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  • April 11, 2024
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  • 2023/2024
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Hamlet context

The body politic

- Disease overtaking the body as a metaphor for political corruption
- ‘the natural gates and alleys of the body’ – 1.5
- ‘distracted globe’ – 1.5

Renaissance revenge tragedy

- Conventions include madness
 The Spanish tragedy
- Role of the fool

The Spanish tragedy – 1590

- Includes ghosts
- Explores the ethics of taking revenge and controlling justice

The English reformation and Elizabethan religious tension

- Calvinism – believed in predestination
- Protestantism
- Puritanism – abstaining from drinking and partying
- Catholicism – absolution found through confession & ghosts are souls in purgatory
 ‘canonised’ – saintly

Bright’s treatise of melancholie – 1586

- Melancholy – fashionable malady associated with refinement and made intellect
- The divided self – the internal person is not the same as the external person

The Senecan revenge plays

- Ghost character and typical revenge themes
- Ultra-violent
- Consistently employs dramatic irony

Adam and eve

- Gertrude as eve, Denmark is Eden after the fall
- ‘the king’s corpse … exudes the sulphurous bad smells that fill the play’
- Adelman – ‘she plays out the role of the missing eve: her body is in the garden in which her husband
died, her sexuality the poisonous weeds that kill him, and poisons the world for her son’

Greek mythology

- Niobe – grieving mother figure
- Hyperion – father of Helios, overthrown by the tyrant Kronos
 Overthrown by the next generation
- Satyr – sexual deviants
 Satyr plays – large phalluses, drunk, comic relief between tragedies
- Aphrodite and Hephaestus

The diet of worms

- Setting of Wittenberg
- Martin Luther declared his views different to the catholic church – was excommunicated
 Hamlet as a radical, his own feelings of excommunication
- Wittenberg was where martin Luther was professor of theology

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