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Lecture notes Pharmacology

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An in-depth exploration of antimicrobials elucidates their crucial role in combating infectious diseases, safeguarding public health, and advancing medical treatments. By delving into the mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, and therapeutic applications of antimicrobial agents, students gain inv...

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  • April 12, 2024
  • 107
  • 2023/2024
  • Lecture notes
  • Dr. tonui
  • All classes

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Anti-bacterial drugs

,INTODUCTION

 Chemotherapy: is the use of chemical agents (either synthetic or natural) to
destroy infective agents (microorganisms’ i.e bacteria, fungus and viruses,
protozoa, and helminthes) and to inhibit the growth of malignant or cancerous
cells.
 Chemotherapeutic agents: are chemical which are intended to be toxic for
parasitic cell but non toxic to the host, such selective toxicity depends on the
existence of exploitable biochemical difference between the parasite and the
host cell.
 Antimicrobials: are chemical agents (synthetic/natural) used to treat bacterial,
fungal and viral infections. Antibiotics: are substances produced by various
species of microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes) that suppress the
growth of other microorganisms. Antimicrobial drug exhibits selective toxicity.
I.e. the drug is harmful to the parasite without being harmful to the host.

,Ct….


 Bactericidal versus bacteriostatic action: When antimicrobial agents lead
to the death of the susceptible microbe (e.g. bacteria) it is said have
bactericidal action but when it merely inhibits the growth and therefore
spread of the microbial population it is said to have bacteriostatic action.

, ANTIMICROBIAL DRUGS


Mechanisms of antimicrobial drug action:
1. Inhibition of cell wall synthesis
2. Cell membrane function inhibitors
3. Inhibition of protein synthesis
4. Inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis
5. Antimetabolites/inhibition of folic acid synthesis pathways

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