AQA A-Level Biology - Immunity and Disease Questions And Answers
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Module
AQA A-Level Biology
Institution
AQA A-Level Biology
AQA A-Level Biology - Immunity and Disease Questions And Answers
Self Cells
The body's own cells and molecules
Non-Self Cells
Foreign cells and molecules invading someone
Non Specific Defense
A bodily response that is immediate and applies to all pathogens entering the body
Specific Defens...
AQA A-Level Biology - Immunity and Disease
Questions And Answers
Self Cells
The body's own cells and molecules
Non-Self Cells
Foreign cells and molecules invading someone
Non Specific Defense
A bodily response that is immediate and applies to all pathogens entering the body
Specific Defense
A slower bodily response that is specific based on each pathogen entering the body
Cellular Response
Involves T lymphocytes and only occurs in cells
Humoral Response
Involves B lymphocytes and occurs in liquids in the body
How Self Cells are Recognised
Lymphocytes are constantly colliding with cells. Some lymphocytes have receptors
that are complimentary to self cells, these get suppressed or die. The only
lymphocytes that remain are those that respond to non-self cells
Apoptosis
Programmed cell death that occurs when lymphocytes show an immune response to
self-cells, this occurs before lymphocytes mature
Phagocytosis
The process by which a lymphocyte digests a pathogen and absorbs the useful
nutrients into its cytoplasm
Process of Phagocytosis
Chemical products of the pathogen act as attractants, allowing phagocytes to move
towards the pathogen. The receptors on the cell membrane attaches to chemicals on
the surface of the pathogen. The phagocyte engulfs the pathogen and forms a
phagosome. The lysosomes inside the phagocyte bind to the phagosome and
release lysozyme to hydrolyse the pathogen. The phagocyte absorbs the useful
products
Lysozyme
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