Lecture notes
INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS - BREXIT
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Colonial tendencies within the British Isles Human Rights Movement The Troubles First Empire Second Empire The “special relationship” between the UK and the US Brexit
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9. INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS - BREXIT1. Colonial tendencies within the British Isles
10th Century – Athelstan England conquered Wales
1536, 1542 – Acts of Union (England + Wales)
1707 – Acts of Union (+Scotland)
1800 – +Ireland The entire British Isle under one rule
1916: Easter Rising of Ireland
1921: Republic of Ireland came to exists BUT Northern-Ireland remained a part of the UK
(compromise)
Wales wants to keep the Welsh language and preserve their national identity.
Scotland: 2014 – Independence Referendum
o They opted for not leaving because they did not want to re-negotiate their EU contract
they lost because of Brexit.
Northern-Ireland is already compromised. They are mainly Catholics, so they face heavy
discrimination, sometimes even violence.
1980 – Human Rights Movement
They also participate in it – first peaceful protest but later soldiers are sent to keep it that way
Season: The Troubles (1972-1998)
30th January 1972 – Bloody Sunday
The soldiers thought the people were armed so they killed many unarmed people
Northern-Ireland returned this violence
The Provisional IRA = terrorist group
1998: Good Friday Agreement – Ended The Troubles
2. Empire
First:
North America
4th July 1776: Declaration of Independence
End of the first British Empire
Second:
Australia, Asia (India), Africa the biggest in the 19th century, fell in the 20th century
Today:
Commonwealth of Nations
3. The “special relationship” – UK - US
End of the 19th century – End of the Victorian period
They are close again in the two World Wars
The US is the biggest export market for the UK (trading partners)
4. Brexit
European Economic Community (EEC)
Britain could join in 1973
1993 – The EU was formed The UK automatically joined
Euroscepticism
2016 – Brexit Referendum (51-49%)
o The UK had to leave based on the results.
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