Describe the differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells:
In in simplest answer eukaryotic cells have nucleuses and prokaryotic cells do not
Eukaryotic are more complex multicellular organisms and prokaryotic are simple
unicellular organisms
Both type of cells have cytoplasm and ribosomes
Prokaryotes sometimes have things that eukaryotes don’t such as plasmids, waxy
cuticles and flagellum and plasmids
Eukaryotes have many things that prokaryotes don’t have such as mitochondria,
nucleus, Golgi apparatus
Prokaryotic cells have no unused sections of DNA and no histones
In eukaryotic cells DNA is wrappe around histones
Describe the importance of compartmentalisation in cells:
Compartmentalisation within cells has many important roles in the cell
Firstly, it allows reactions which are incompatible to occur simultaneously within the
cell
Secondly, it allows the hydrolytic enzymes to be kept within lysosomes and away
from other cell organelles
Describe the division of labour in cells:
Ribosomes are made In the nucleolus in two subunits formed by rRNA
mRNA is made in the nucleus and leaves through a nuclear pore into the cytoplasm
where it attaches to a ribosome on the rough endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi apparatus processes, modifies and packages the molecule in a vesicle ready for
release
The vesicle moves to the plasma membrane fuses with it and secretes the molecule
via exocytosis
Describe the importance of stem cells:
Stem cells are non-specialised cells which provide new cells for the body as it divides
Stem cells primary function is to differentiate into specialised functions to make up
the specialised cells that make up the body
The stem cells in a zygote end up producing the entire body
They also offer potential for treating disease using stem cell therapy to replace
damaged cells
Ault stem cells such as adult bone marrow can divide and differentiate into
specialised cells within their system
Embryonic stem cells are totipotent and then become pleuripotent
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