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Theories of Punishment essay Bank
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Preventative responses to crime essay bankWORD BANK
Essay questions
‘Early intervention programmes are the best response to crime.’ 30m
FACTORS
Preventative Responses
-community policing ( disproportionate treatment of BAME by police institutional racism,
CBO programme, stop and search in USA)
-early and effective intervention (EEI) (VRU, Children’s hearing system, JUVENILE
DETENTION ALTERNATIVE INTIATIVE IN USA, COSTS)
Alternative responses
-Custodial sentences ((prison – overcrowding and lack of rehab)
-Non-custodial sentences ((CPOs, DTTO,DMI in USA)
LOA- preventative responses to crime are beneficial in tackling the possibility of crime, much more effective
than custodial sentences, however non custodial alternatives are the best approach in crime. Custodial
sentences rely on money and the support of the government in making rehabilitation a possibility in prison,
however it does deter people from committing crime by showing that the punishment outweighs the benefits
of committing crime. Community policing programmes which educate people and as such deter them from
committing crime in the first place are successful, however the controversial stop and search hinders
relationships between the police and the community, faltering the trust between them – thus limiting its
effectiveness – pushing committing crime into a self-fulfilled prophecy cycle.
TIPS
-Define theories & factors
-Use statistics
-’similarly’ or ‘in contrast’ - IC (evaluating)
-Refer back to the question!
, Introduction
- “The punishment suffered by the offender presents to everyone an example of what he
himself will have to suffer.” - Jeremy Bentham
- The concept of prevention is grounded in the notion that crime and victimisation are driven by many
causal or underlying sociological factors, and for some these factors may be partially biological too.
- Determining what factors are associated with different types of crime can lead to the development of
a set of strategies and programmes to change those factors, and prevent or reduce the incidence of
those crimes.
- crime prevention sits in the utilitarian school of though as it would seem to approach crime
reduction in the most forward thinking way of all, with some early intervention programmes targeting
“troubled families” from the earliest point possible.
-This triggers issues around prejudice and false perceptions towards those groups in society, tying in
with labelling theory
-However some may argue that the ‘alternative’ of which is custodial sentencing is a worse option in
responding to crime, a ‘revolving door’ of recidivism rates.
Community policing
K
- involves police officers working in partnership with a community by addressing local
concerns; building relationships with the public; and educating the public on the
consequences of criminal behaviours.
- Programmes such as Community Beat Officers (CBO) are assigned to different local areas
responsible for improving trust and compliance between the community and officers-
promoting campaigns such as Police Scotland’s ‘Is that me’ campaign to raise awareness
about domestic violence.
- Glasgow introduced Community Safety Officers in 2005 which was followed by rapid
reductions in crime rates and detaching Glasgow from its title as the UN’s “murder capital of
Europe”. This demonstrates that community policing has resulted in positive interactions
between the public and the police; removing tensions between both sides in order to
encourage cooperation, which has evidently worked to limit crime rates.
-2020 survey discovered that 79% of people in Scotland had confidence in their local officers
compared to 73% in England and Wales.
A
- However, community policing has been subject to controversy in recent years regarding
their authority over Stop and Search which is a law enforcement strategy used by police to
stop, interrogate, and potentially search individuals they have reason to believe to be
conducting suspicious activities.
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