Providing a clear, and full rounded set of notes that will save your life in understanding and studying MYP physics topic 4 Electricity, wether for your end of year exams, for a topic test, homework or even for general better understanding.
Electricity
Static Electricity
● Electrical phenomenon in which charged particles are transferred from one body to another.
● An atom consists of a nucleus and a vast region of space outside the nucleus. Electrons are
present in the region of space outside the nucleus. They are negatively charged and weakly
bound to the atom. Electrons are often removed from and added to an atom by normal
everyday occurrences.
● The nucleus of the atom contains positively charged protons and neutral neutrons. These
protons and neutrons are not removable or perturbable by usual everyday methods. It would
require some form of high-energy nuclear occurrence to disturb the nucleus and
subsequently dislodge its positively charged protons.
● Opposite charges attract and like charges repel each other.
Neutral vs Charged objects
● Number of electrons that surround the nucleus will determine whether an atom is
electrically charged or neutral.
● Protons and electrons have the same but opposite charges; if an atom has the same amount
of protons and electrons it will be electrically neutral.
● If an atom has different charges it will be an ion, more protons will be positively charged,
more electrons will be negatively charged.
● Static electricity: the electrons in objects are prone to move and migrate. But for electrons to
make a move from the atoms of one material to another, an energy source and
low-resistance pathway.
● Static electricity happens due to the triboelectric charging process, this is a process due
friction which occurs when two objects rub together the less charged object will attract the
electrons from the other leaving the two objects with unbalanced charge.
Electric Current
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