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BSC 108 Exam #3 – Questions & Solutions (100%)
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BSC 108 Exam #3 – Questions & Solutions (100%)
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BSC 108 Exam #3 – Questions & Solutions (100%)What is DNA composed of? Correct Ans - Nucleotide subunits
What substance makes up the backbone of DNA? Correct Ans - Sugar-
phosphate, made of a sugar called deoxyribose and a phosphate group.
How many strands of DNA does a DNA molecule contain? Correct Ans - Two
How are the nitrogen bases held together in DNA? Correct Ans - Hydrogen bonds
What are the two pairs of nitrogen bases in DNA? Correct Ans - Adenine & Thymine (A = T)
Guanine & Cytosine (G = C)
How does DNA replicate? Correct Ans - One parent molecule separates
into two complementary strands, each strand is used as a template to make a new strand, and each daughter molecule will contain one old strand and one new strand.
How many strands does RNA have? Correct Ans - One
Does RNA contain thymine? Correct Ans - No, it contains uracil.
Does RNA contain deoxyribose? Correct Ans - No, it contains ribose.
mRNA Correct Ans - messenger RNA; type of RNA that carries instructions from DNA in the nucleus to the ribosome
tRNA Correct Ans - transfer RNA; type of RNA that carries amino acids to the ribosome
rRNA Correct Ans - ribosomal RNA; type of RNA that makes up part of the ribosome
Transcription Correct Ans - synthesis of mRNA molecule under the direction of DNA. Takes place in the nucleus of a cell. Translation Correct Ans - The synthesis of a polypeptide (later becomes a protein) under the direction of mRNA, occurs in the ribosomes.
Flow of information in a cell Correct Ans - DNA to RNA to Proteins
DNA makes RNA through _________. Correct Ans - transcription
RNA makes protein through _______. Correct Ans - translation
Mutation Correct Ans - A change in the genetic material of a cell.
Point mutation Correct Ans - A change in one base pair of a gene. Can change a gene's protein product.
What does a mutated DNA molecule cause? Correct Ans - Altered mRNA to be transcribed, therefore causing different amino acids to be added to the polypeptide chain.
Frameshift mutation Correct Ans - mutation that shifts the "reading" frame of the genetic message by inserting or deleting a nucleotide
Effects of frameshift mutations Correct Ans - They are extremely likely
to lead to large-scale changes to polypeptide length and chemical composition,
resulting in a non-functional protein that often disrupts the biochemical processes of a cell.
Plasmid Correct Ans - A small ring of DNA that carries accessory genes
separate from those of the bacterial chromosome
GMO (genetically modified organism) Correct Ans - Plant or animal whose genetic makeup has been changed.
Transgenic organism Correct Ans - Organisms that contain functional recombinant DNA from a different organism
Restriction enzyme Correct Ans - Enzyme that cuts DNA at a specific sequence of nucleotides
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