BSC 108 Exam 1
1, single-strand - Answer-RNA has _______ strand(s) of nucleotides and is arranged in a
2, double-helix - Answer-DNA has ____ strand(s) of nucleotides and is arranged in a ________
3D shape/structure - Answer-the characteristic of a protein that determines its function
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BSC 108 Exam 1
1, single-strand - Answer-RNA has _______ strand(s) of nucleotides and is arranged in a
2, double-helix - Answer-DNA has ____ strand(s) of nucleotides and is arranged in a ________
3D shape/structure - Answer-the characteristic of a protein that determines its function
a phosphate group bonded to a sugar (deoxyribose=DNA, ribose=RNA) to form the sides of the
ladder (sugar-phosphate backbone) with a specific nitrogen base - Answer-molecular structure
of a nucleotide
acid - Answer-lower pH number; higher H+ concentration; donates H+ atoms to a solution
activation energy - Answer-energy that activates the reactants and triggers the chemical
reaction; energy needed to break the bonds of the reactants
active site - Answer-place in the enzyme where the substrate bonds and is broken apart
active transport - Answer-transport of materials that requires energy; ex: exo- and endocytosis;
moves materials against concentration gradient; uses ATP
Adenine, Guanine, Thymine, Cytosine - Answer-nitrogen bases for DNA
Adenine, Guanine, Uracil Cytosine - Answer-nitrogen bases for RNA
adenosine diphosphate - Answer-result of when ATP releases a phosphate group and energy to
be used by the cell
adenosine triphosphate (ATP) - Answer-type of energy that can readily be used by cells; is the
result of cellular respiration; made of adenosine and three phosphate groups; "energy currency"
of cells
Archaea - Answer-domain made up of single-celled organisms with prokaryotic cells; prefer
extreme environments
Archaea, Bacteria - Answer-domains that contain prokaryotic cells
atomic number - Answer-number of protons and electrons an atom has (because it is neutral,
the number of protons and electrons is the same)
atoms, molecules, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms, populations, communities,
ecosystems, biosphere - Answer-list the levels of biological organization in order from smallest
to largest
Bacteria - Answer-domain made up of single-celled organisms with prokaryotic cells; can live
everywhere
Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya - Answer-three domains of living organisms
, base - Answer-higher pH number; lower H+ concentration; accepts H+ ions and removes them
from a solution
break/form - Answer-In order for a chemical reaction to take place, the bonds of the reactions
must first _________ before new bonds can ________.
buffers - Answer-substances that resist pH change by accepting H+ ions from acids and
donating H+ ions to bases
carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids - Answer-four major large molecules
catalyst - Answer-something that makes a chemical reaction faster and more efficient
cell - Answer-the smallest level of organization that maintains all the characteristics of life
cell wall, chloroplast, central vacuole - Answer-organelles found in plant cells but not in animal
cells
cells - Answer-all organisms are composed of one or more _______
cellulose - Answer-structural polysaccharide that is extremely abundant and used for more of
structural support; major component of wood; known as dietary fiber; animals cannot break the
link between the glucose monomers
centriole, lysosome - Answer-organelles found in animal cells but not in plant cells
chemical energy - Answer-form of potential energy stored in food, gas, and other fuels; stored in
covalent bonds of molecules
chloroplast - Answer-organelle found only in plant cells; converts energy from sun to a form the
cell can use; performs photosynthesis
cilia - Answer-motile organelles that are numerous and short; work to help the cell move with a
beating back-and-forth motion
cohesion - Answer-ability of a substance to stick to itself
concentration gradient - Answer-line that the diffusion of molecules follows; from highest
concentration to lowest concentration
control group - Answer-group in an experiment that cancels out all other factors than the one
being tested; differs from experimental group in only one varible
covalent bond - Answer-a chemical bond formed when two atoms share at least one pair of
electrons
covalent/dehydration reactions - Answer-The bonds joining fatty acids to glycerol are
__________ bonds form by ____________.
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