Hondros Nur 176 Exam 1 Questions and Verified Solutions 2024 Interventions to prevent diabetes - Answer -Maintain healthy weight, diet and exercise Signs of type 1 diabetes - Answer -3 polys, blurred vision, cold feet, numbness, shiny thin skin w/ no hair, age 30 and under, sudden onset, underweight, Signs of type 2 diabetes - Answer -No symptoms at first , later develop the 3 polys, obesity, Nigricans (black line on back of neck) skin tags S/S of hypoglycemia - Answer -Fatigue, weakness, irritability, reduce cognition, tremors, seizures, diaphoresis( sweating) S/S of hyperglycemia - Answer -3 polys, fruity breath S/S of diabetic ketoacidosis and treatment - Answer -High BS, high HR, restlessness, weight loss, fruity breath, kussmaul(fast deep RR) -- treatments; IV regular insulin First intervention if a pt. Presents with s/s of hypo/hyperglycemia - Answer -Check blood sugar Prevention of long term complications of diabetes - Answer -Takes meds, daily feet care, yearly renal test, eye exams every 6 months, LDL less than 150 Dietary teaching for a diabetic patient - Answer -Meals at the same time every day, decrease saturated fats, increase exercise , refer pt. To MyPlate learning tool, Diabetic Pt. should never increase carbs unless... - Answer -Sugar is low before exercising Discharge teaching for diabetic pt. - Answer -Know hypo/hyperglycemia s/s, know that stress and illness increase BS , see a diabetic educator, know what the effect of Exercise can have on Bs Diabetic foot care - Answer -Clean w/ soap and warm water, clean socks everyday, cut toe nails straight across, keep feet dry, no powder or lotion b/t toes , wear shoes , inspect feet daily, no gardners Lipid analysis - Answer -LDL-less than 100 HDL - more than 40 Triglycerides - more than 150 What are low and high levels of HDL indicative of - Answer -High - insulin resistance, low - insulin sensitivity What insulins can not be mixed? - Answer -Levemir and Lantus ( detemir and glargine ) How to mix insulin - Answer -Short acting to long acting, regular to NPH, Clear to cloudy Should a nurse hold a patients insulin before consulting a dr? - Answer -No No insulin, beta cells are destroyed is a result of ? - Answer -Diabetes type 1 Beta cells exhaustion , insulin resistance is a result of ? - Answer -Diabetes type 2 Rapid acting insulin - Answer -Lispro(Humalog) aspart(Novolog) glulisine(Apidra) Onset, peak and duration of Novolog and Apidra - Answer -Onset -15-30, Peak -1-3hr, duration -3-5hr onset, peak and duration of humalog - Answer -Onset -15-30, Peak -1-2hr, duration -3-4hr Short acting insulin( regular) - Answer -Humulin R, Novolin R, ReliOn R, Onset -30-60 , Peak -2-4hr, duration -6-8hr Intermediate insulin (NPH) - Answer -Humulin N, Novolin N, ReliOn N, Onset -1-4hr Peak -4-12hr, duration -12-16hr Long acting insulin - Answer -Lantus and levemir Onset -1-2hr, Peak - none, duration -24hr Which insulin is the only one that can be given through IV ? - Answer -Regular What is glucagon used for? - Answer -Makes glucose. Received if BS is low If a pt. Is lethargic, what form of glucose should be administered? - Answer -Glucagon gel in cheek What is Lipohypotrophy and the prevention ? - Answer -Lump under subcut tissue due to repeated injections at the same site. Rotate sites S/s of brain tumor - Answer -Vision changes, confusion and headache S/S of traumatic brain injury - Answer -Blurred vision, personality changes, altered level of consciousness, slurred speech, confusion, headache, uncoordinated, weakness / numbness of legs and arms If someone hit their head, which test should be completed? - Answer -CT scan to make sure there's no head bleeding Early signs of IICP - Answer -Altered levels of consciousness Nursing interventions for mannitol & lasix - Answer -Monitor I&O and electrolytes Nursing interventions for prednisone - Answer -Monitor blood glucose and daily weight Glasgow coma scale measures .. - Answer -Eye opening, verbal and motor response. A score less than 8 is considered in a coma S/S of Ischemic strokes - Answer -80% have these, trouble talking, Face droop? Arm drift, Slurred speech
