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Class notes of subject History chapter 1 The French Revolution
Summary India and the Contemporary World - Social Science
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Overview
● On 14th July 1789, the city of Paris was in a state of alarm
● People marched towards the eastern part of the city and stormed the bastille where they hoarded ammunition
● In the armed fight they killed the commander of bastille and released the 7 prisoners
● People hated bastille because it stood for kings despotic power.
● The fortress was demolished and the fragments were sold as a souvenir
● Most people were protesting for the high price of bread.
● Historians saw it as a beginning to the chain of events leading to kings execution
French Society during the late eighteenth society
● In 1774, Louis XVI of the bourbon family ascended the throne
● His age was 20 years and was married to Austrian princess Marie Antoinette
● Upon accession he found EMPTY treasure
○ Maintaining the court of palace of Versailles
○ Helping 13 American colonies to get independence from Britain which added 2 billion livres
■ The American constitution and the individual rights was an example of France's political
thinkers
○ Lenders who gave state credit began to charge 10% interest on loans
○ Running government offices or universities
● Due to no money thus he had to increase taxes
○ ONLY 3rd Estate paid taxes
● The society was divided in 3 estates
○ 1st estate
■ Clergy
○ 2nd estate
■ Nobles
○ 3rd estates
■ Big businessmen
■ Merchants
■ lawyers
, ■ Court officials
■ Peasants - 90% of the population
■ Artisans
■ Small peasants
■ Landless labors
■ Servants
● The society was part of the feudal system dating back to the middle ages.
● Old regime is used to describe the French society before 1789
● The members of the 1st 2 estates enjoyed birth privileges.
○ Exception from paying taxes
○ Nobles also enjoyed feudal privileges
■ Included feudal dues which they extracted from the peasants.
■ Peasants were obliged to render services to them by working in their houses, fields, serving in
army and construction
● Kinds of taxes
○ Tithe : to be given to the church which was 1/10 of the agricultural produce
○ Tallie : direct tax to the state
○ Indirect tax : on everyday consumption such as tobacco and salt
The struggle to survive
● The population of France rose from 23 million in 1715 to 28 million to 1789
● Led to increased demand of food production which couldn’t keep up resulting in increased bread prices
● People were working on fixed wages but the wages didn’t keep up with the prices
● The natural disasters such as hail or drought also took place
● These all resulted to subsistence crises(a situation where the basic needs weren't meet)
How a subsistence crisis happens
● Bad harvest
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