Detailed notes for the course all about Nelson Mandela's life, following the path of his book 'A Long Walk to Freedom'. This collection of notes contains detailed accounts of each lecture's presentation slides, as well as seminar notes, essay plans, and the module handbook. Useful for students at t...
successes failures
- Defiance campaign - 'Africa's cause must triumph!' - Defiance campaign - '
• First time movement mobilised • Didn’t penetrate rural areas and was
• Removal of the fear of imprisonment therefore unsuccessful in achieving
• Growth of ANC - regional branches started mass defiance
appearing - ANC branches rise from 14 to 87, • Unsuccessful in repealing 6 unlawful
membership rise from just below 5,000 to acts
over 100,000, though fell back to 29,000 • Fizzled out rather than ending on a
• Also allowed for Mandela to grow as a leader high
and international figure • Betrayal of moroka after defiance
• Betrayal of Moroka could be framed as a - Failed to maintain unity
success, as it meant those who weren't • After defiance, resistance against
completely for the movement were removed collaboration with non-africans,
- Freedom Charter - 'leadership must be the leading to PAC
personification of popular aspirations and beliefs' - Collaboration with whites a failure in itself
• Showed that this was no longer a civil rights due to Africanist manifesto
movement, but called for a fundamental - National Government didn’t cede at all,
restructuring of SA society grew their power and continued to further
• Commitment to anti-racialism, but led to the enforce their policy of segregation - failure
split that created the PAC of 'Africa's cause'
• National Party won its first outright
majority in 1958
• This was, however, due to non-whites
being taken off of the electoral roll,
therefore removing a large portion of
their opposition.
nelson mandela Page 2
, Week 1 - intro to studying Mandela
31 January 2022 13:31
Lecture 1 - introduction and background to studying Mandela and South Africa
Long walk to freedom - essential text (try and find cheap, if not there will be some digitised parts)
Also recommend Beinart and Worden books as intro to study
Studying south Africa
The imperial legacy
- Parts of British empire that were governed by a 'skeleton crew' e.g. India
- Parts that were governed by a more substantial group of Europeans, e.g. Canada, us, Australia,
new Zealand and south Africa
- 3 cornered struggle between Britons, Boers/Afrikaners (who go on to rule SA for most of this
module), and black Africans - Britons and Dutch vying for power against each other but also
fighting indigenous African people
- Lingering anti-British sentiment
South Africa in the twentieth century
- No automatic support for allies during first world war, and growing anti-commonwealth
nationalism
- Strong support among Afrikaners for Germany rather than the British
- In the end, SA govt did commit troops due to loyalist Afrikaner elites Louis Botha and Jan
Smuts
- Growing Afrikaner nationalism seeking to reject the British, only becomes more vociferous as
time goes on
- Native Land Act 1913
○ SA becomes entirely self-governing
○ Also unified under a single nation
○ Retention of white power - control remains over diamond mines etc.
○ After British govt leaves, the formalisation of discrimination in SA begins
○ Native Land Act in 1913 - majority black population get only 13% of land, rest goes to the
White Afrikaner population - land that the black population got was also often worse
quality etc.
○ Opposition from black middle class groups - south African native national congress
formed in response to the native land act
▪ Gets renamed as the African National Congress (ANC) - Mandela's political party
for his entire political career
○ Interesting to compare and contrast the way the ANC writes early on in comparison to
later stages
▪ Earlier stages using language from British legal training - western in its tone and its
rhetoric, how it builds a case - document of their response to native land act on
blackboard
▪ Language of dialogue
- An political marginalisation
○ Only place black people could vote was in cape colony before unification
○ 1936 sees the end of the black vote in all of SA
- And 'retribalisation'
○ Racist belief that black SA are primitive
○ Cannot live in modern nation, can only live in a tribal level
○ So they put them in a certain area, place a chief on top - not concerned with politics on a
national level, if there is any requirement for that the chief would speak on their behalf
nelson mandela Page 3
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