Lecture notes
FELASA Module 10 Practical Exercises
- Module
- FELASA Function ABD
- Institution
- FELASA Function ABD
FELASA function ABD notes for practical exercises concerning rodent procedures
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FELASA Module 10: Practical Exercises Will cover functions A (Taking part in experiments), B (License holder) and D (Killing
Animals)
Three exercise sessions of four hours each
Practical 1: Needles and Syringes and basic handling of rats
Practical 2: Minor Procedures in Rats
Practical 3: Handling and minor procedures in mice
Firstly learn how to use needles syringes and gloves
Introduction -> Handling toy animals-> Handling live animals-> Anaesthesia->
Procedures-> Euthanasia and necropsy
Needles come in different sizes (Gauge- G)
Gauge defines the diameter of the puncture hole
High gauge is a small needle, smaller gauge is a bigger needle
Needles are changed after every injection
Disposable needles start to bend if reused
Tissue material also gets stuck on needle
Proper sized syringe needs to be used
Plunger shouldn’t be pulled more than 2/3 out
Plunger should be worked up and down before using the needle
The tip of the needle has a dead space (where compound will stay inside the needle)
There is also dead space inside the needle
Need to mix more compound than you need
Volumes read from the bottom of the rubber compound
Work as aseptically as possible- either have someone remove needle or put it onto an
aseptic surface then wash hands and change gloves
Don’t touch the tip of the syringe or connection part of the needle
Use large needle to withdraw with
Needle can be left in the vial for this course
Syringe attached
Vial flipped
Plunger mixed to remove air bubbles
Tip vial over and empty large needle using syringe- this ensures there is excess solution
Make sure to get the right volume and more for dead space
Remove needle and put in sharps bin
Put injection needle on
Pull plunger down
Flick syringe to remove small bubbles at the bottom
Push plunger up till you see the first drop
Remove excess compound
Aur bubbles- ideally need to get rid of them all
Can be lethal if you inject air bubbles
Try to get rid of any towards the tip as these will be injected
Inject and aspirate
Do with dominant hand holding the needle and syringe
Use both hands to loosen the cap
Grab syringe with one hand
Slide needle out of cap
Penetrate at the place we want to inject
We withdraw the plunger slightly to aspirate, this makes a vacuum that looks like air
This makes sure the needle isn’t hitting a small blood vessel
Aspirate gently so we don’t withdraw blood
Only safe to inject if there is no blood
Inject
Needle and syringes thrown away
Needle removed using sharps bin
, If injecting a dangerous compound the cap should also be put in the sharps bin
Never recap a needle
If you absolutely have to use one hand to grab syringe, slide needle into the cap, hold
it vertical and lock cap
Rat Procedures
Handling
Approach the cage calmly
Lift rat with one hand around its chest
Support the hind with the other hand and rest it on your forearm
Pet rat to calm it before restraint and injection
Restrain rat with both hands and arm
Subcutaneous injection
Make a skin fold with skin and index finger
Needle inserted into skin below fingers
Aspirate
Rat will move a but
Pet rat afterwards to calm it
Place rat in separate cage
Use heating pad to keep rat warm
Cover cage
Observe rat during induction phase
Note time of injection in injection log
Don’t disturb the rat until expected time of loss of righting reflex is reached
Check for loss of righting reflex and good muscle relaxation
Check withdrawal reflexes
Using forceps pinch between the toes
If positive wait a few minute to check again
Moisten the conrnea
Intravenous injection
Place the needle parallel to the tail
Support the tail with a finger underneath
Aspirate to see blood
Inject
Blood sampling by puncture of a tail vein
Option A
25G needle used
Use a tourniquet to dilate the veins
Make sure the needle is in the right place and aspirate to draw blood
Option B
Blood is collected with a hematocrit tube or into an eppendorf
Option C
Puncture the dorsal or lateral vein at the tip of the tail
The blood is collected by dripping or using a hematocrit tube
Apply pressure to stop the bleeding
Intradermal injection
Maximum injection of 0.1ml using 27G needle
3cmx3cm is shaved on the back
The bevel of the needle is facing up
The bevel is placed intradermally and the needle is rotated 90 degrees to make the
bevel point towards the dermal layers
The injection is performed slowly
If it is done correctly a firm blister is visible on the skin
Intraperitoneal injection
The rat is restrained by cuffing
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