P6-demonstrate how government policies are developed
M4- Carry out an analysis of how government policies are developed.
How are Laws Made
There is a process in how laws are made, there are various stages that a bill must go through to
become an Act of Parliament. A bill must go through an idea stage then go to the Commons to the
Lords and then to the Monarch who reads it and signs. Every law that has been created goes through
this process to ensure that it is essential as well providing safety to all civilians in the country. This
assignment will include the process and how the Government policies are developed.
Initially policies begin as ideas on how to change or manage a situation. These ideas can come from a
variety of sources, such as:
The public
The media
The public services
Politicians
Subject expert
If the policy is needed and the idea has merit it is subject to a great deal of discussion in
governmental meetings such as cabinet meetings and parliamentary committees and
subcommittees. If after these discussions the idea is still considered to be worthwhile then the
procedure becomes more formal and the proposed policy takes form of a green paper.
Green paper
This is a document about a proposed change in the law that is distributed to interested parties to
gather their views on the change and open up a period of consultation and debate. This debate
might take the form of public meetings, specialist consultation meeting or open enquiries from
outside government. Sometimes the discussions around a green paper make it clear that the policy
or law would not be welcome or is not needed and the policy stops there. However, sometimes the
discussions show that there is a need for the law and it moves ahead to the next stage. The next
stage is a white paper.
White paper
This is much more formal than a green paper and contains a set of formal proposals on the new law
or policy. White papers are the draft of what will become known as bills in later stages of
development.
Bill process
When a law is put forward it is either a Private bill which only affects certain individuals such as the
Organ donation Bill 2017-19 which if progressed will only affect those who are organ donators.
Another type of bill is a Public bill which is when it affects everyone for example the Public Services
Bill 2017-19. There are 2 types of a Private and Public bill which includes, A Government bill which is
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