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PLAN Discuss research into ultradian rhythms

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Plan for a full mark biopsychology essay.

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  • April 3, 2019
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  • 2017/2018
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scienceandpsych
Discuss research into ultradian rhythms. (16 marks)

Outline:

 Biological rhythm, less than 24 hours, e.g. sleep cycle (Dement and Kleitman)
 90 minute cycle, four NREM stages and one REM stage
 Repeated throughout night
 EEGs, first two stages (alpha and theta waves) easily woken from
 Muscle activity, breathing, blood flow reduced, heartbeat irregular
 Stages three and four (delta waves) deeper sleep difficult to wake, sleep inertia
 REM: body paralysed yet eye movement fast and brain activity resembles awake brain
 Heart and breathing rate increase
 1, 2, 3, 4, 3, 2, REM

Evaluation:

 P: increased understanding of dreaming
 E: Dement and Kleitman, 90% awoken in REM recall dream, 7% in NREM
 A: strong correlation, vivid dreams and brain activity
 L: increased understanding of memory, e.g. Dement proposes theory of dynamic stabilisation,
firing of neurons in REM essential for memory consolidation

 P: practical applications for workers and students
 E: Kleitman 90 minute BRAC, alternating periods of fatigue and alertness
 E: Ericsson, best violinists three practices a day, no longer than 90 minutes
 A: BRAC increases worker productivity, student learning, encouraging frequent breaks, maximise
alertness
 C: many professions impose much longer working periods between breaks, rhythms not fixed,
overridden
 L: implies social cues zeitgebers for ultradian, incomplete understanding

 P: cannot explain individual differences
 E: some nap during day, others cannot
 E: Tucker, large differences in sleep patterns and responses to 36 hour sleep deprivation
 L: another factors, e.g. genetic predisposition, influencing sleep cycle

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